Insulin
Hormone that allows glucose to enter cells for energy; lowers blood sugar. Used to treat diabetes. Common side effects include hypoglycemia, hunger, sweating, and dizziness. Take exactly as prescribed and monitor blood glucose regularly.
Anti-diabetic agents
Medications that lower blood glucose through various mechanisms. Used for type 2 diabetes. Side effects vary by class but may include hypoglycemia or GI upset. Take with food if recommended and monitor blood sugar.
Glycogen
Stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles. Not a medication but important in glucose regulation. Converts to glucose when blood sugar drops.
Glucagon
Hormone that raises blood sugar by releasing stored glucose from the liver. Used for severe hypoglycemia. Side effects may include nausea or vomiting. Administer during emergencies only.
Glucocorticoids
Steroid hormones that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Used for asthma, autoimmune disorders, and allergies. Side effects include weight gain, mood changes, and high blood sugar. Do not stop abruptly.
Corticosteroids
Steroid medications used to reduce inflammation. Treat asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions. Side effects include fluid retention, mood changes, and increased infection risk. Taper doses as directed.
Somatotropin
Growth hormone used to treat growth hormone deficiency. Side effects may include joint pain, swelling, or high blood sugar. Rotate injection sites and monitor growth.
Parathyroid hormone
Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Used to treat hypocalcemia. Side effects may include nausea or muscle cramps. Monitor calcium levels closely.
Mineralocorticoid
Hormone that regulates sodium and water balance. Used for adrenal insufficiency. Side effects include fluid retention and high blood pressure. Monitor electrolytes and blood pressure.
