how small is invisible
<0.1 mm
who is the “father of microbiology”
leeuwenhoek
what kinds of microbes are too small to be visible
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
- parasites
what is microbiology
the study of living things that are too small to see (& viruses)
which is the least complex?
a - viruses
b - bacteria
c - fungi
d - parasites
a - viruses
which is the most complex?
a - viruses
b - bacteria
c - fungi
d - parasites
d - parasites
what are the primary classifications of viruses
DNA or RNA
what are the primary classifications of bacteria
gram + or -
what are the primary classifications of fungi
- yeast (single cell)
- mold (multi cell)
- dimorphic (yeast & mold)
what are the primary classifications of parasites
protozoa or worms (helminths)
T/F: there are many microbes that are ALWAYS pathogenic
false - very few microbes are ALWAYS pathogenic
T/F: many microbes are POTENTIALLY pathogenic
TRUE
T?F: most microbes are NEVER pathogenic
true
what are the secondary classifications o fviruses
- single or double stranded
- outer or no envelope
what are the secondary classifications of bacteria
- cocci or rod
- aerobic or anaerobic
- spore or no spore forming
what are the secondary classifications of fungi
- pigment or no pigment
- nuclei septum or nonseptated
what are the secondary classifications of protozoa parasites
- ameba
- flagellates
- sporozoa
what are the secondary classifications of worm (helminth) parasites
- roundworms (nematodes)
- flatworms (trematodes)
- tapeworms (cestodes)
what is the use of an emulsion to trap single nucleic acid templates in wells, PCR amplify them, and then light monitoring to detect all matching primer extensions
10^5 to 10^8 nucleotides at a time
parallel sequencing
which of these are benefits that bacteria can provide to the hosts they colonize?
a - provide vitamins
b - stimulate the immune system
c - increase inflammation
d - a & b
d - a & b
MOST COLONIZATION IS BENEFICIAL
what was Anthony Leeuwenhoek’s nationality?
dutch
what is a “microbiome”?
a - complete set of microbes in a niche
b - total of all the gene sequences in a sample
c - major organisms inhabiting a body site
d - the study of live things below visible size
a - complete set of microbes in a niche
what is the entire total gene sequence of a sample or that obtainable from a niche or body site
metagenome
