1
Q
2 components of the nervous system
A
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
2
Q
What does the CNS consist of?
A
- Brain
- Spinal cord
3
Q
What does the PNS consist of?
A
- Consists of the nerve fibres that carry info between the CNS and the rest of the body
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
4
Q
Functions of the CNS (5)
A
- Automatically controls body functions
- Emotions
- Voluntary control of movement
- Perception
- Higher cognitive functions like learning & memory
5
Q
How do CNS & PNS work together?
A
- PNS sends info to CNS
- CNS processes
- PNS carries out response
6
Q
Afferent division
A
- Part of the PNS
- Sends information to the CNS
7
Q
Efferent division
A
- Part of the PNS
- Sends information from CNS to the body
8
Q
Afferent Neurons
A
- Neurons mostly in the PNS, just axon terminal in CNS
- Send information to the CNS
- No dendrites
9
Q
How afferent neurons work
A
- In response to stimulus, the receptor generates an action potential
- The action potential is transmitted down the afferent fibre to the cell body
- Then it moves to the central axon
- It terminates on other neurons within the spinal cord
10
Q
Interneurons
A
- Makes up 99% of neurons in the body
- Only found in the CNS
- Connector neurons that lie between afferent and efferent neurons
- They create neural circuits to integrate responses from peripheral information
- Play a role in higher brain function
11
Q
Efferent neurons
A
- Cell bodies are in CNS where they receive signals
- The action potential travels down the efferent fibre to the effector organ
- Efferent fiber lies in PNS
12
Q
What are glial cells?
A
- Non-neuronal cells
- Form the connective tissue of the brain
- Role is to maintain homeostatic control of the extracellular environment
13
Q
Four interconnected chambers in the brain
A
- 2 lateral ventricles
- 1 third ventricle
- 1 fourth ventricle
- Continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
14
Q
Ependymal cells
A
- Non-neuronal cells and are ciliated
- Found in ventricles
- Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Function to keep CSF flowing
15
Q
What are Astrocytes?
A
- Most numerous class of glial cells
16
Q
6 main function of astrocytes?
A
- Form primary connective tissue
- Trigger brain blood vessels to change in structure and function to establish the blood-brain barrier
- Help in the repair of brain and spinal cord injuries
- Hep stop neurotransmitter activity
- enhance synapse formation and modify synaptic transmission
- Take up excess K+
17
Q
Microglia
A
- Type of immune cell
- Found in CNS
18
Q
2 different forms of microglia
A
- Inactive microglia
- Activated microglia
19
Q
Inactive microglia
A
- Support neurons and other glial cells
- Secrete nerve growth factors and other growth factors
20
Q
Activated microglia
A
- Activate when they sense any kind of pathological change
- They phagocytose foreign particles
- Help reduce inflammation
- Release cytotoxic chemicals
PHGY 215
flashcards
Decks in class (28)
# Cards
-
Module 1: Section 1 + 256
-
Module 1: Section 316
-
Module 1: Section 413
-
Module 1: Section 531
-
Module 2: Section 120
-
Module 2: Section 216
-
Module 2: Section 332
-
Module 2: Section 451
-
Module 2: Section 511
-
Module 4: Section 127
-
Module 4: Section 235
-
Module 4: Section 333
-
Module 4: Section 426
-
Module 4: Section 59
-
Module 4: Section 628
-
Module 5: Section 115
-
Module 5: Section 234
-
Module 5: Section 352
-
Module 5: Section 47
-
Module 5: Section 533
-
Module 5: Section 67
-
Module 6: Section 121
-
Module 6: Section 223
-
Module 6: Section 344
-
Module 6: Section 428
-
Module 6: Section 512
-
Module 6: Section 613
-
Module 6: Section 743
