a coherent framework and set of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn, how learning occurs, and what motivates people to learn and change.
Learning Theories
a set of principles, beliefs or ideas about the nature of learning which is translated into the classroom
Teaching Approach
a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal
Teaching Strategy
- a systematic way of doing something
- implies an orderly logical arrangement of steps. It is more procedural
Teaching Method
- a well- defined procedure used to accomplish a specific activity or task
Teaching Technique
- emphasizes the importance of observable behavior in the study of a human beings
- behavior as muscle movement and it came to be
associated with the Stimulus-Response Psychology - postulated that behavior results from a series of
conditioned reflexes and that all emotions and thoughts are a product of behavior learned through conditioning
Behavioral Theory
Who is responsible for behavioral theory
John Broadus Watson
- aka Pavlovian Conditioning\
- a process which influences the acquisition of new
responses to environmental stimuli
Classical Conditioning
what does NS stand for
Neutral Stimulus
what does UCS stand for
Unconditional Stimulus
what does UCR stand for
Unconditional Response
- stress-reducing strategy
- repeated and gradual exposure to fear-inducing stimulus under relaxed and safe circumstances, will assure the subject, which results to reduced and eventual omission of
fear towards the stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
- the tendency to apply to other similar stimuli what was initially learned
Stimulus Generalization
a developing realization and eventual skill that
develops in an individual which allows him to
differentiate/discriminate among similar stimuli (e.g.
awareness of case to case basis in healthcare with
regards to sop’s )
Discrimination Learning
- reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response
Spontaneous Recovery
- focuses on the behavior of the organism and the
reinforcement that follows after the response
Operant Conditioning
stimuli that strengthen responses
Reinforcements
- mental processes occurs between stimulus and response
- transfer of learning occurs when the learner “acts on” or applies information gained
- Stresses the importance of “what goes on inside the learner”
Cognitive theories of learning
a school of psychology that emerged in Austria and Germany in the early twentieth century based on work by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka
Gestalt psychology or gestaltism
physical, biological, or symbolic configuration or pattern of element so unified as a whole that its properties cannot be identified from a simple summation of its parts
Gestalt
looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.
This school of psychology played a major role in the modern development of the study of human sensation and perception
Gestalt psychology
four stages in memory process
Attention, Processing, Transformation, Action
- environmental conditions shape behavior through learning and the person’s behavior in return shapes the environment
- all actual behavior patterns must be learned through traditional learning (by reinforcement) and observational learning (by modeling)
Social Learning Theories
who is responsible for social learning theories
Albert Bandura
