Module 4.1 Skull

Question 1

Skull

Answer 1

22 bones

• cranium (8 bones)
• facial bones (14 bones)

Question 2

Cranium

Answer 2

• protects brain

- 8 bones fitted tightly together in adults

Question 3

Fontanelles

Answer 3

Aka soft spots

membranous region where certain bones are not completely formed in new borns

• allow bones of skull to compress during childbirth & expand to accommodate rapidly growing infant brain
• regions begin to close around 2 months but may last up to two years

Question 4

Bones in Cranium

Answer 4

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

same names as lobes

Question 5

Frontal bone

Answer 5

• one bone

- forms the forehead

Question 6

Parietal Bones

Answer 6

• two, paired bones

- extend to the sides

Question 7

Occipital Bone

Answer 7

curves to form the base of the skull

Question 8

Temporal Bone

Answer 8

opening that leads to the middle ear

Question 9

Sphenoid Bone

Answer 9

• completes the sides of the skull

- contributes to the floors &walls of the eye sockets

Question 10

Ethmoid Bone

Answer 10

• lies in front of the sphenoid
• part of the orbital wall
• component of the nasal septum

*sphenoid & ethmoid bones lie largely inside the skull

Question 11

Foramen Magnum

Answer 11

• large opening in occipital bone

- spinal cord passes it to become the brain stem

Question 12

Sinuses

Answer 12

• air spaces lined by mucous -membrane in bones of cranium

- reduce weight of skull & give resonant sound to voice

Question 13

Mastoid Sinuses

Answer 13

• drain into the middle ear

- 2 sinuses

Question 14

Mastoiditis

Answer 14

• inflammation of the mastoid sinuses

- can lead to deafness

Question 15

Sinusitis (sinus infection)

Answer 15

• soft tissues inside the sinuses become inflamed from virus, bacteria, or allergy

Question 16

Foramina

Answer 16

Functions: passage for blood vessels, nerves, & spinal cord

Question 17

Foramen Magnum

Answer 17

-passage of the spinal cord into the skull

Question 18

Carotid Canal

Answer 18

opening of temporal bone for internal carotid artery

Question 19

External Acoustic Meatus

Answer 19

• transmission of sound

- located in temporal bone

Question 20

Mandible

Answer 20

• lower jaw
• only movable portion of the skull
• contains tooth sockets
• mandible and vomer are only non-paired bones of the facial skeleton
• THERE ARE 14 FACIAL BONES*

Question 21

Maxillae

Answer 21

• upper jaw
• forms anterior portion of hard palate
• contains infraorbital foramen-
• contains tooth sockets

Question 22

Zygomatic Bones

Answer 22

-cheekbone prominences

Question 23

Nasal Bones

Answer 23

-bridge of the nose

Question 24

Palatine Bones

Answer 24

-posterior portion of hard palate -floor of nasal cavity

Question 25

Lacrimal Bone

Answer 25

- thin, scale like | - lies between ethmoid bone & maxillary bone

Question 26

Vomer

Answer 26

- thin, flat | - joins w/perpendicular plate of ethmoid to form nasal septum

Question 27

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Answer 27

bones located inferiorly to middle conchae

Question 28

Middle & Superior Nasal Conchae

Answer 28

-formed from the grooves of the ethmoid bone

Question 29

Nasal Conchae Function

Answer 29

- act to swirl the air as it is breathed in through the nasal passages - helps warm & humidify air before it enters lower respiratory system