Module 4.3 Physiology Bone structure, tissue, & cell

Question 1

Yellow Bone Barrow

Answer 1

Fat storage tissue mainly in long bones

Question 2

Red bone marrow

Answer 2

Found primarily in short and flat bones

• primarily to produce red blood cells
• new borns have all red bone marrow and overtime is converted to yellow bone marrow in long bones

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

Center of bone

-meduallry/marrow cavity extends through it

Question 4

Compact bone

Answer 4

• Solid outer layer of bone
• contains osteons (formerly Haversian systems)
• usually found on the surface of the bone surrounds an inferior spongy bone

Question 5

Emphysis

Answer 5

On the ends of each long bone are called proximal & distal epiphysis

Question 6

Articular cartilage

Answer 6

• Within the joints
• Help cushion joints & enable them to move freely
• Found specifically at joint articulations

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

• Another type of connective tissue

- matrix is flexible

Question 8

Osteocytes (bone cells)

Answer 8

• inside osteons

- contain tiny chambers called lucunae

Question 9

Lacunae

Answer 9

• Arranged in concentric circles around center canals
• separated by matrix that’s contains protein, fibers of collagen and mineral deposits, calcium & phosphorus salts
• center canals contain blood vessels & nerves —-> blood vessels bring nutrients that allow bone marrow to renew itself

Question 10

Spongy Bone

Answer 10

• contains bony bars & plates separated by irregular spaces
• designed for strength *just as braces are used for support in buildings, the solid portions of spongy bone follow lines of stress
• light than contact bone

Question 11

Osteoblasts

Answer 11

• bone absorbing cells
• break down bone
• remove worn cells
• deposit calcium in blood

Question 12

Osteoblasts

Answer 12

• repairs destruction caused by work of osteoclasts
• as they form new born osteoblasts take calcium from blood
• adult & children require calcium in diet to promote the work of osteoblasts
• eventually some of these cells get caught in the matrix they secrete and are converted to osteocytes
• bc of continuous remodeling thickness of bones can change
• physical use & hormone balance can effect thickness of bone