Module 4.2 Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 1

• Composed of 2 clavicles & 2 scapulae

- each clavicle (collarbone) connects w/sternum anteriorly & scapula (shoulder) posteriorly

Question 2

Scapula (shoulder blade)

Answer 2

Only attached to rib cage via muscles

• allows motion in arms
• many muscles & ligaments attach to it

Question 3

Humerus

Answer 3

Rounded head that fits into socket of the scapula

• lot of muscles needed to hold humerus in place
• lots of movement at shoulder
• easily dislocated

Question 4

Radius

Answer 4

Thumb side of forearm

Question 5

Ulna

Answer 5

Other bone in forearm

-OLCERANON PROCESS most prominent bone of ulna, can be palpated posteriorly

Question 6

Forearm

Answer 6

Radius & ulna

-allows for supination & pronation (turn palm up & palm down)

Question 7

Scapula (posterior side)

Answer 7

Susprasinatus fossa
Infraspinatus fossa
Scapular spine

Question 8

Acromion process (scapula)

Answer 8

• Projects from scapular spine which can be seen from both posterior & anterior views
• connects to clavicle anteriorly

Question 9

Glenoid cavity (scapula)

Answer 9

-located in neck of scapula where head of humerus articulates w/scap

Question 10

Coracoid process

Answer 10

Projects anteriorly from scapula allowing for muscles movement

Question 11

Humerus

Answer 11

• Single long bone in upper arm
• fits into socket of scap. at glenoid cavity *held by rotator cuff muscles & other ligaments
• glenoid cavity smaller than head of humerus
• structure provides little stability

Question 12

Dislocation

Answer 12

(Of joint)

-bone is removed from it socket

Question 13

Humerus

Answer 13

Head
Neck 
Shaft
Capitulum
Trochlea

Question 14

Capitulum (humerus)

Answer 14

Articulates small portion of radius

Question 15

Trochlea (humerus)

Answer 15

Articulates w/ulna

Question 16

Medical Epicondyle (humerus)

Answer 16

-humerus can be palpated on medial side of the arm at elbow

Question 17

Lateral epicondyle (humerus)

Answer 17

Humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of arm at elbow

Question 18

Carpal bones

Answer 18

• wrist has 8

- look like small pebbles

Question 19

Carpal bones (Proximal row)

Answer 19

(Lateral to medial)

scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform

Question 20

Carpel Bones (Distal row)

Answer 20

(Lateral to medial)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Question 21

Metacarpal

Answer 21

Fan out to form framework of palm

-1sr metacarpal the a thumb & 5th is the pinky

Question 22

Phalanges

Answer 22

Bones of fingers & thumb

• long slender & lightweight
• thumb (1st digit) has 2 phalanges others have 3

Question 23

Pelvic girdle

Answer 23

Consist of 2 heavy, large coxal bones

-has many important bone landmarks for attachment of muscles for lower limbs

Question 24

Coxal bones (ossa coxae/innominate bones)

Answer 24

Anchored to the sacrum posteriorly via network of ligaments
-symmetrical

-formed by fusion if 3 bones ilium, ischium, & pubis

Question 25

Ilium (coxal)

Answer 25

- Most superior of the sections | - Can be palpated on lateral sides of hips

Question 26

Ischium

Answer 26

- Located posteriorly - “sits bones” - bones landmarks that can be felt sitting upright in a chair

Question 27

Pubis

Answer 27

- forms center anteriorly | * connected by public symphysis

Question 28

ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)

Answer 28

Located on anterior portion of ilium

Question 29

Pubic arch/pubic brim

Answer 29

- wider in females (arch) | - shaped like circles in male, ovals in females *to accommodate childbirth (brim)

Question 30

Femur

Answer 30

-largest, longest single bone in body

Question 31

Acetabulum

Answer 31

Aka hip joint -where head of femur articulates w/pelvic girdle

Question 32

Patella

Answer 32

- sits anteriorly to femur | - formed within quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 33

Lower leg structure

Answer 33

Tibula (medial) Fibula (lateral)

Question 34

Tibia

Answer 34

- Larger of 2 bones | - has ridge that can be easily palpated anteriorly

Question 35

Medial malleolus (of tibia)

Answer 35

Medial side of ankle

Question 36

Lateral Malleolus (fibula)

Answer 36

Lateral side of ankle

Question 37

Tarsal bones (ankle)

Answer 37

-7 ``` medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform navicular cuboid talus calcaneus ```

Question 38

Metatarsal (ankle/toes)

Answer 38

Bones span between ankles & toes - as a result longitudinal arches from heel to toes & transverse arch across the foot * provide a stable springy base for body

Question 39

Flat feet

Answer 39

-likely to occur if tissues binding the metatarsals together become weakend

Question 40

Hallux

Answer 40

Great toe 1st metatarsal *only has a distal & proximal phalanx Metatarsals 2-5 have distal, middle, & proximal phalanx

Question 41

Phalanges (toes)

Answer 41

Bones in toes (just like fingers)