Module 5

Question 1

First rule of punishment

Answer 1

it happens

Question 2

punishment

Answer 2

response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of a similar response

Question 3

punisher

Answer 3

a stimulus change that immediately follows the occurence of behavior and reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior

Question 4

examples of punisher

Answer 4

stubbing toe will decrease likely-hood of taking the same path in the future

Question 5

positive punishment

Answer 5

type 1
when a presentation of stimulus similar to positive reinforcement, but the presentation results in a decrease of behavior
ex:
-saying no. maybe from an incorrect response
-providing a strike
-electric shock

Question 6

negative punishment

Answer 6

type 2 
termination of an already present stimulus results in decrease of frequency of behavior 
ex:
-removal of a token
-loss of a privilege

Question 7

punishment at any time

Answer 7

is a decrease of behavior

Question 8

unconditioned punishers

Answer 8

a stimulus whose presentation functions as punishment without previous learning
primary or learned punisher
biological events: painful stimulation or different tastes, odors

Question 9

Conditioned punisher

Answer 9

stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person’s conditioning history
secondar/learned
ex:
no, lectures, tones

Question 10

potential punishment procedures

Answer 10

• response blocking: prevent a behavior from occurring
• saying no
• contingent exercise
• removal of tokens
• loss of privileges
• overcorrection
• time-out from reinforcement
• electric shock

Question 11

punishment procedures should always

Answer 11

be paired with a reinforcement procedure

Question 12

considerations with punishment

Answer 12

• immediacy: right away so they can correlate
• intensity/magnitude: dont ramp up. don’t build a tolerance. deliver good intensity first time
• schedule: avoid intermittent . use after ever instance of that response
• teach a replacement behavior. doest teach you what to do but what not to do.
• vary your punishers: presenting the same punisher will lose it’s effectiveness
• USE IN COMBO WITH REINFORCEMENT
• REQUEST ADDITIONAL SUPERVISION
• TAKE DATA

Question 13

potential negative side effects

Answer 13

• emotional and aggressive reactions
• escape/avoidance: natural response to get away from this. we potentially become a conditioned punisher.
• behavioral contrast: decrease in one context and increase in another
• undesirable modeling: strong correlation between young childs exposure to harsh punishment and anti social behavior
• reinforcement for punishing agent
• lack of generalization
• potential issues with long term effectiveness

Question 14

Review of previous punishment

Answer 14

basic research:
aaron, 1956; 1960
miller 1960
brown and wagner 1964
application with humans 
- loavaas and simmons 1969
part of comprehensive intervention 
-lovaas 1987