MODULE 5: FLUID THERAPY

Question 1

Act of replenishing an animal with adequate fluids when they have been depleted due to disease or trauma

Answer 1

Fluid therapy

Question 2

Fluid tx can be administered via?

Answer 2

• Intravenous
• SC
• Intraosseous - bone marrow/femur
• Intraperitoneal - through the abdominal wall; lower right quadrant; commonly done in laboratory animals not common in dogs/cats

Question 3

What is the normal blood volume range in canine?

Answer 3

90 ml/kg

Question 4

What is the normal blood volume range in feline?

Answer 4

60-70 ml/kg

Question 5

These are the most commonly encountered blood volume deficits that require preoperative management.

Answer 5

Acute hypovolemia and anemia

Question 6

Tx. of acute hypovolemia is directed toward establishing a ?

Answer 6

Circulating blood volume that will produce the arterial blood pressure needed for adequate tissue perfusion

Question 7

Generally, hypovolemic patients can be given polyionic isotonic fluid via IV in the first hour without adverse effects. Give the recommended dosage of the fluid in canine and feline.

Answer 7

• Canine - 60-90 ml/kg
• Feline - 45-60 ml/kg

Question 8

Patients with pulmonary, cvs, or severe renal disease are not less tolerant of rapid fluid administration. True or False?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Commonly, ____ to ____ the calculated shock dose is administered over ___ to ___ mins, and px is carefully reassessed for changes in vital signs.

Answer 9

one quarter to one half; 15-30 mins

Question 10

If hemodilution is not a concern, ____ electrolyte solutions may be given.

Answer 10

balanced - e.g. LRS, Normosol-R

Question 11

What are the adverse affects of fluid admin.?

Answer 11

Volume overload:
* Pulmonary/cerebral edema (use slower infusion rate)

Overhydration
* Ocular and nasal discharge
* Chemosis
* Subcutaneous edema
* Increased lung sounds
* Increased respiratory rate and dyspnea
* Coughing and restlessness if patient is awake
* Hemodilution

Question 12

• Aside from fluid tx., this is an alternate means for animals presenting with hemorrhagic shock.
• The smallest fluid volume required to restore intravascular volume is used, thereby minimizing extravasation of fluid into the interstitium and decreasing the risk of blood clot disruption.

Answer 12

Limited-volume fluid resuscitation (LVFR)

Question 13

In LVFR, what are fluids that are typically used?

Answer 13

Hypertonic saline / colloids - instead of crystalloid solutions