Modules 7/8

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Awareness of yourself, your thoughts, and/or your environment. And awareness you’re awareness

Question 2

Attention

Answer 2

Directed mental resouces to something we deem important

Question 3

Is attention an ability or automatic?

Answer 3

Ability

Question 4

Is consciousness an ability or automatic?

Answer 4

Automatic

Question 5

Selective attention

Answer 5

Focusing awareness on a small segment of information

Question 6

INattentional blindness

Answer 6

Missing important info because attention id directed elsewhere

Question 7

Change blindness

Answer 7

Failure to notice blindness in environment

Question 8

Divided attention

Answer 8

Multitasking. Performance on bothe suffers

Question 9

Circadian rhythm

Answer 9

24 hour behacior function that follows a light/dark cucle

Question 10

Sleep

Answer 10

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness. Nearly all animals do it

Question 11

N1

Answer 11

Theta waves, light sleep. Vitals decrease

Question 12

functions of consciousness

Answer 12

Helps us understand what’s happening, plan, be attentive

Question 13

Hypnosis

Answer 13

Altered state of consciousness that changes in perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors. Can reduce pain, change behavior

Question 14

cognitive neuroscience—

Answer 14

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with our mental processes

Question 15

If you just think about kicking a soccer ball, an fMRI scan could detect

Answer 15

increased blood flow to the brain region that plans such action

Question 16

What captures our limited attention?

Answer 16

Things we deem important.

Question 17

Inattentional numbness

Answer 17

we are “blind” to all but a tiny sliver of stimuli

Question 18

Perception, memory, thinking, language, and attitudes all operate on two independent levels—

Answer 18

a conscious, deliberate “high road” and an unconscious, automatic “low road”

Question 19

Dual processing

Answer 19

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. (p. 92)

Question 20

blindsight

Answer 20

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing

Question 21

A visual perception track enables us “to

Answer 21

think about the world”—to recognize things and to plan future actions.

Question 22

A visual action track guides

Answer 22

our moment-to-moment movements.

Question 23

lel processing is faster than conscious sequential processing, but both are essential. Parallel processing enables your mind to take care of routine business (more on this in Module 17). Sequential processing is best for solving new problems, which requires our focused attention on one thing at a time.

Question 24

Sequential processing

Answer 24

processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems

Question 25

How long is a sleep cycle?

Answer 25

90 minutes

Question 26

Alpha waves

Answer 26

Slow, awake brain waves

Question 27

N1 sleep

Answer 27

First stage of sleep, brief

Question 28

N2 sleep

Answer 28

With sleep spindles, deeper

Question 29

What are sleep spindles?

Answer 29

Rapid, rhythmic brain activity that aid memory processing

Question 30

N3

Answer 30

Deepest sleep, delta waves, hard to wake up

Question 31

Rem sleep

Answer 31

After 1st hour. Brain waves almost same as awake (n1). Vitals increase. Dream

Question 32

Can you move during rem? Can you be easily woken up?

Answer 32

Not really, no.

Question 33

Newborns often sleep X hours of their day,

Answer 33

16 hours

Question 34

most adults no more than X hours of sleep

Answer 34

8 hours

Question 35

What affects sleep patterns?

Answer 35

Genetics, culture, social, economic factors

Question 36

Whether for work or play, bright light tweaks the circadian clock by activating light-sensitive retinal proteins. These proteins control the circadian clock by triggering signals to the brain’s suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)—a pair of grain-of-rice-sized, 10,000-cell clusters in the hypothalamus (FIGURE 8.5). The SCN does its job partly by causing the brain’s pineal gland to decrease its production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin in the morning and to increase it in the evening (Chang et al., 2015; Gandhi et al., 2015)

Question 37

Being bathed in (or deprived of) light disrupts our

Answer 37

24-hour biological clock

Question 38

Why do we need to sleep

Answer 38

1. To protect body from dangerous situations 2. Repairs body and brain 3. Restore and rebuild memory 4. Feeds creative thinking 5. Growth and development 6

Question 39

How does a lack of sleep make us gain weight

Answer 39

increasing ghrelin, a hunger-arousing hormone, and decreasing its hunger-suppressing partner, leptin ( increasing cortisol, a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat. decreasing metabolic (energy use) rate disrupting gene expression, which increases risk for heart disease and other negative health outcomes enhancing limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food and decreasing cortical responses that help us resist temptation (Benedict et al., 2012; Greer et al., 2013; St-Onge et al., 2012).

Question 40

Sleep also affects our physical health. When infections do set in, we typically sleep more, boosting our

Answer 40

immune cells

Question 41

leep deprivation slows reactions and increases errors on X tasks

Answer 41

visual attention

Question 42

1 in 4 adults (based on past year’s symptoms) Ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Answer 42

insomnia

Question 43

1 in 20 adults Stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping.

Answer 43

sleep apnea

Question 44

lind people’s dreams Studies in four countries have found blind people mostly dreaming of using their X senses (Buquet, 1988; Taha, 1972; Vekassy, 1977). But even natively blind people sometimes “see” in their dream

Answer 44

nonvisual

Question 45

In fact, anything that happens during the X minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory

Answer 45

5

Question 46

Whyd o we sleep?

Answer 46

Wish fulfillment, filing memories, preserving neural pathways and developing them, making sense of neural static (random activity), reflecting cognitive development