Molecular Bonding

Question 1

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 1

Occurs when two molecules are joined together with removal of water

Question 2

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 2

Weak interaction, can occur wherever molecules contain slightly negatively charged atom bonded to slightly positively charged hydrogen atom

Question 3

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 3

Molecule is split into two smaller molecules with addition of water

Question 4

In molecular bonding, how many lines do H, O, N and C have?

Answer 4

• Hydrogen = 1
• Oxygen = 2
• Nitrogen = 3
• Carbon = 4

Question 5

In what way do almost all condensation reactions happen?

Answer 5

When two -OH groups react together, involving breaking and formation of covalent bonds

Question 6

What are condensation and hydrolysis reactions responsible for?

Answer 6

Linking and splitting apart biological molecules in living things

Question 7

What happens when two monomers join together?

Answer 7

Former a dimer

Question 8

What happens when lots of monomers join together?

Answer 8

Form a polymer

Question 9

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides

Question 10

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Polysaccharides

Question 11

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 11

Amino acids

Question 12

What is the polymer of proteins?

Answer 12

• Polypeptides
• Proteins

Question 13

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 13

Nucleotides

Question 14

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 14

DNA and RNA

Question 15

How much of the human body is made up of hydrogen atoms?

Answer 15

60%

Question 16

How much of the human body is made up of carbon atoms?

Answer 16

11%

Question 17

Why are electrons more attracted to oxygen than hydrogen in water molecules?

Answer 17

Oxygen has more protons in nucleus, exerting a stronger attraction

Question 18

What is a consequence of oxygen being more attractive for electrons than hydrogen?

Answer 18

Oxygen becomes slightly negative, hydrogen becomes slightly positive, making molecule polar

Question 19

What helps a polymer and biological molecule stay stable?

Answer 19

Thousands and thousands of hydrogen bonds forming between chains of monomers