Motor Learning

Question 1

what is a bilateral transfer when discussing motor learning?

Answer 1

start with the less-affected extremity and switch to the affected extremity

Question 2

what is the associative stage of learning?

Answer 2

learn how to do it (put actions together)
refinement of motor pattern is achieved through continued practice
ex: PT allows pt to problem solve when steering errors occur and does not provide feedback

Question 3

what is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 3

proprioceptive feedback; decreased visual feedback

Question 4

what is knowledge of performance?

Answer 4

feedback about errors
specific details regarding movement characteristics
ex: you should bend your knees more as you walk

Question 5

what is the autonomic stage of learning?

Answer 5

learn how to succeed (much time and practice)
automatic; minimal level of attention needed
ex: pt propels WC with variable speed through an obstacle course

Question 6

define retention.

Answer 6

ability to demonstrate skill after period of no practice

Question 7

define generalizability

Answer 7

acquired ability to apply what was learned from training environment to other similar untrained tasks or contexts

Question 8

what is feedforward feedback?

Answer 8

prepares the system in advance of movement

anticipatory or proactive responses

Question 9

what is augmented feedback?

Answer 9

externally provided feedback

Question 10

what is knowledge of results?

Answer 10

outcome of movement
ex: yes or no, you walked 10ft today; you passed your exam

Question 11

when should you focus on correct aspects of performance (knowledge of results)?

Answer 11

early in learning

Question 12

when should you focus on errors as they become consistent (Knowledge of performance)?

Answer 12

later in learning

Question 13

what is concurrent feedback?

Answer 13

feedback provided during the task

Question 14

what is terminal feedback?

Answer 14

feedback provided at the end of the task

Question 15

what is summed feedback?

Answer 15

after a set number of trials; better for retention

Question 16

what is task-intrinsic feedback?

Answer 16

sensory information normally acquired during performance of a task
visual: during cognitive phase
proprioceptive: during associative phase

Question 17

what is blocked practice?

Answer 17

single motor skill is repeated
ex: AAABBBCCC
used in beginning of learning with decreased cognitive ability

Question 18

what is random practice?

Answer 18

group of motor skills in random or unpredictable order
ex: ABCBACCAB
better for retention

Question 19

what is serial practice?

Answer 19

group of motor skills in a serial or predictable order
ex: ABBABBABB

Question 20

what is distributed practice?

Answer 20

rest break > working time
used for low endurance or fatigue
for continuous tasks

Question 20

what is mass pratice?

Answer 20

working time > rest break
preferred for discrete tasks (start and end points)

Question 21

what is fractionization?

Answer 21

practicing individual limbs first for an asymmetrical coordinated task

Question 22

what is segmentation?

Answer 22

separating skill into parts and practicing them so the parts build on each other

Question 23

what is simplification?

Answer 23

reducing object manipulation, cognitive load, or speed and adding auditory cues

Question 24

what is bilateral transfer in reference to motor learning?

Answer 24

improving performance with one, untrained limb results from practice or similar movements with opposite, trained limb

Question 25

what is overlearning?

Answer 25

process of rehearsing a motor skill even after there is no improvement in performance

Question 26

what is practice schedule?

Answer 26

blocked > variable

Question 27

what is practice order of tasks?

Answer 27

constant > serial > random

Question 28

what is constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)?

Answer 28

less-affected UE is restrained using a protective hand mitt, which forces the pt to use the affected UE