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Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

what muscles does the axillary nerve innervation and what are their actions?

A

teres minor: shoulder ER, extension, abduction, horizontal abduction

deltoid:
-anterior: shoulder IR, flexion, horizontal abduction
-posterior: shoulder ER, extension, horizontal abduction
-acromial fibers: shoulder abduction

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2
Q

what is the sensory supply for the axillary nerve?

A

supplies skin covering the lower half of the deltoid and upper part of the long head of the triceps

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3
Q

how is the axillary nerve typically injured?

A

dislocation of the shoulder or fracture of surgical neck of the humerus

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4
Q

what muscles does the radial nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

triceps: elbow extension
anconeus: elbow extension
brachioradialis: elbow flexion
supinator: supination of forearm
extensor carpi radialis longus: wrist extension, radial deviation
extensor carpi radialis brevis: wrist extension, radial deviation
extensor carpi ulnaris: wrist extension, ulnar deviation
extensor digitorum: 2-5th digits at MCP, IP, wrist
extensor digiti minimi: 5th digit extension at MCP and IP
extensor pollicis longus: 1st digit extension at CMC and IP
extensor pollicis brevis: 1st digit extension at MCP and IP
extensor indicis: 2nd digit extension, wrist extension
abductor pollicis longus: 1st digit abduction and extension at CMC

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5
Q

what are the branches of the radial nerve and what is their sensory supply?

A

lower lateral cutaneous : skin of lower half of lateral side of arm
posterior cutaneous of arm: skin of back of arm
posterior cutaneous of forearm: skin of back of forearm
superficial branch: skin of lateral half of dorsum of hand, lateral two and half digits including thumb

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6
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Coracobrachialis: shoulder flexion
Biceps Brachii: elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion
Brachialis: elbow flexion

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7
Q

What is the sensory supply for the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm: skin of the lateral forearm from the elbow to the wrist

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8
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Pronator Teres: forearm pronation, elbow flexion

Flexor Carpi Radialis: wrist flexion, radial deviation

Palmaris Longus: wrist flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: flexion of PIP joints

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (radial half): flexion of DIP, flexion of joints of digits, finger, wrist

Flexor Pollicis Longus: flexion of distal phalanx of thumb

Pronator Quadratus: forearm pronation

Lumbricals (lateral two: 1, 2): flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP

Abductor Pollicis Brevis: abduction of thumb at MCP, CMC joints

Flexor Pollicis Brevis: flexion of thumb

Opponens Pollicis: opposition of thumb

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9
Q

What is the sensory supply for the median nerve?

A

palmar cutaneous branch: skin of lateral 2/3 of palm
palmar digital branches: dorsal tips of 1st,2nd, and 3rd finger, palmar skin of lateral three and half fingers

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10
Q

How is the median nerve typically injured?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Pronator Teres syndrome

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

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11
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

flexor pollicis brevis: flexion of the thumb

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (medial half): flexion of DIP; flexion of joints of digits, finger, wrist

Adductor Pollicis: adduction of thumb

Interossei (dorsal and palmar): abduction (dorsal) and adduction of digits, flexion of MCP, and extension of IP (palmar)

Lumbricals (medial two): flexion of MCP joints, extension of IP

Palmaris Brevis: tenses skin of palm

Abductor Digiti Minimi: abduction of 5th digit

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: flexion of 5th digit

Opponens Digiti Minimi: opposition of 5th digit MCP, lateral rotation producing opposition

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12
Q

What is the sensory supply for the ulnar nerve?

A

palmar cutaneous branch: medial 1/2 of palm

dorsal cutaneous branch: skin of dorsal aspect of medial one and half fingers

superficial branch: 1/2 of 4th, 5th digits

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13
Q

How is the ulnar nerve typically injured?

A

Fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Cubital tunnel syndrome

Guyon’s canal syndrome

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14
Q

What muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Supraspinatus: shoulder abduction

Infraspinatus: shoulder external rotation

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15
Q

What muscles do the subscapular nerves innervate and what are their actions?

A

Subscapularis: shoulder internal (medial) rotation

Teres Major (lower subscapular nerve): shoulder internal rotation, extension, adduction

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16
Q

What muscles does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Pectoralis Major: medial rotation, adduction, horizontal adduction, scapular protraction, depression

clavicular fibers: shoulder flexion
sternocostal fibers: shoulder extension

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17
Q

What muscles does the medial pectoral nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Pectoralis Minor: protracts and depresses scapula, downward rotation

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18
Q

What muscles does the long thoracic nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Serratus Anterior: protracts and upwardly rotates scapula, depression

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19
Q

What muscles does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Latissimus Dorsi: shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation, depression and protraction of the scapula

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20
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Rhomboid Major: retracts and downwardly rotates scapula, scapular elevation

Rhomboid Minor: retracts and downwardly rotates scapula, scapular elevation

Levator Scapulae: elevates scapula, downward rotation

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21
Q

What muscles does the nerve to subclavius innervate and what are their actions?

A

Subclavius: depresses and stabilizes clavicle

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22
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Sternocleidomastoid: cervical lateral flexion and opposite side rotation

Trapezius: elevates, retracts, and depresses scapula; upward rotation

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23
Q

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Gluteus Minimus: hip abduction

Gluteus Medius: hip abduction, internal/external rotation

Tensor Fasciae Latae: hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation

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24
Q

What muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate and what are their actions?

A

Gluteus Maximus: hip extension, external rotation, hip adduction

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25
What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate and what are their actions?
anterior: Adductor Longus: hip adduction, flexion, medial rotation Adductor Brevis: hip adduction, flexion, medial rotation Gracilis: hip adduction, knee flexion, flexion posterior: Adductor Magnus (adductor part): hip adduction, extension, medial rotation Obturator Externus: hip external rotation, adduction
26
What is the sensory supply for the obturator nerve?
Medial aspect of the thigh
27
What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Semitendinosus: hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation in open packed Semimembranosus: hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation in open packed Biceps Femoris (long head): hip extension, knee flexion Biceps Femoris (short head): knee flexion adductor magnus: hip adduction, extension, medial rotation
28
What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Iliacus: hip flexion pectineus: hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation Sartorius: hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation; knee flexion Rectus Femoris: hip flexion, knee extension Vastus Lateralis/Medialis/Intermedius: knee extension
29
What is the sensory supply for the femoral nerve?
medial cutaneous: skin on medial side of lower 2/3 of thigh intermediate cutaneous: skin on front of thigh saphenous: skin on medial side of leg
30
What muscles does the tibial nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Gastrocnemius: plantarflexion, knee flexion Soleus: plantarflexion Plantaris: plantarflexion, knee flexion Popliteus: knee internal rotation, knee flexion Tibialis Posterior: ankle inversion, plantarflexion Flexor Digitorum Longus: flexion of 2nd-5th digits, ankle inversion, plantarflexion Flexor Hallucis Longus: flexion of 1st digit, ankle inversion, plantarflexion
31
What is the sensory supply for the tibial nerve?
medial calcaneal: skin over heel medial plantar: skin on medial side of sole lateral plantar: skin on lateral side of sole
32
What muscles does the nerve to piriformis innervate and what are their actions?
Piriformis: hip external rotation, abduction when hip is flexed
33
What muscles does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate and what are their actions?
Quadratus Femoris: hip external rotation, adduction Inferior Gemellus: hip external rotation
34
What muscles does the nerve to obturator internus innervate and what are their actions?
Obturator Internus: hip external rotation Superior Gemellus: hip external rotation
35
What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Abductor Hallucis: abduction of the great toe Flexor Digitorum Brevis: flexion of 2nd-4th digits Flexor Hallucis Brevis: flexion of the great toe Lumbrical (first): flexion of the MTP joint and extension of the IP joints
36
What muscles does the lateral plantar nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Abductor Digiti Minimi: abduction and flexion of the 5th digit Quadratus Plantae: flexion of digits Adductor Hallucis: adduction of the great toe Dorsal Interossei (all four): abduction of the toes Plantar Interossei (all three): adduction of the toes, flexion at MTP Lumbricals (lateral three): flexion of MTP joints and extension of IP joints
37
What muscles does the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Tibialis Anterior: ankle dorsiflexion, inversion Extensor Digitorum Longus: extension, ankle dorsiflexion, eversion Extensor Hallucis Longus: extension of 1st digit, ankle dorsiflexion, inversion Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius: ankle dorsiflexion, eversion Extensor Digitorum Brevis: extension of MTP joints
38
What muscles does the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve innervate and what are their actions?
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus: ankle eversion, plantarflexion Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis: ankle eversion, plantarflexion
39
What is the sensory supply for the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve?
Dorsum of foot (Except webbing between 1st& 2nd toes) and anterolateral part of lower leg
40
What is the sensory supply for the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve?
Webbing between 1st& 2ndtoes of foot on the dorsal surface
41
Pec Major:Action and Innervation
Action: Flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction; scapular protraction & depression Innervation: Lateral Pectoral
42
Pec Minor:Action and Innervation
Action: Downward rotation, scapular protraction & depression Innervation: Medial Pectoral
43
Serratus Anterior:Action and Innervation
Action: Upward rotation, scapular protraction & depression Innervation:Long thoracic
44
Trapezius :Action and Innervation
Action: Elevation (upper), retraction (middle), depression (lower), upward rotation Innervation:Cranial nerve XI
45
Rhomboid Major and Minor: Action & Innervation
Action: Adduction, elevation, downward rotation of scapula Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
46
Levator Scap: Action and Innervation
Action: Scapular elevation and downward rotation Innervation: C3-C4, dorsal scapular
47
SCM: Action and Innervation
Action: Same side flexion, opposite side rotation of neck Innervation: spinal accessory (CN X1)
48
Latissimus Dorsi: Action and Innervation
Action: Shoulder medial rotation, adduction, extension Innervation: Thoracodorsal
49
Deltoid: Action and Innervation
Action: Abduction; anterior fibers flex, posterior fibers extend Innervation: axillary
50
Teres Major: Action and Innervation
Action: Shoulder medial rotation, extension, adduction Innervation: Lower Subscapular
51
Coracobrachialis: Action and Innervation
Action: Arm Flexion Innervation: Musculocutaneous
52
Supraspinatus: Action and Innervation
Action: Shoulder abduction to 15° Innervation: Suprascapular
53
Infraspinatus: Action and Innervation
Action: Shoulder lateral rotation Innervation: suprascapular
54
Teres Minor: Action and Innervation
Action: shoulder lateral rotation Innervation: axillary
55
Biceps: Action and Innervation
Action: Elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion Innervation: Musculocutaneous
56
Brachialis: Action and Innervation
Action: elbow flexion Innervation: musculocutaneous
57
Triceps: Action and Innervation
Action: Elbow and shoulder extension Innervation: radial
58
Brachialis: Action and Innervation
Action: Elbow flexion Innervation: Musculocutaneous
59
Brachioradialis: Action and Innervation
Action: elbow flexion (mid-prone) Innervation: radial
60
Anconeus: Action and Innervation
Action: weak elbow extension Innervation: radial
61
ECRL & ECRB: Action and Innervation
Action: Wrist extension and radial deviation Innervation: Radial
62
Extensor Digitorum: Action and Innervation
Action: Extension of MCP & IP joints (digits 2-5) Innervation: Radial
63
Extensor Digiti Minimi: Action and Innervation
Action: Extension of little finger MCP & IP Innervation: Radial
64
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Action and Innervation
Action: Wrist extension and ulnar deviation Innervation: Radial
65
Abductor Pollicis Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb abduction and extension at CMC Innervation:Radial
66
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb extension at MCP, IP Innervation: Radial
67
Extensor Pollicis Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb extension at MCP, IP Innervation: Radial
68
Extensor Indicis: Action and Innervation
Action: Extension of 2nd digit and wrist Innervation: Radial
69
Supinator: Action and Innervation
Action: forearm supination Innervation: radial
70
Pronator Teres: Action and Innervation
Action: Forearm pronation, elbow flexion Innervation: Median
71
Flexor Carpi Radialis: Action and Innervation
Action: Wrist flexion, radial deviation Innervation: Median
72
Palmaris Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Wrist Flexion Innervation: Median
73
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Action and Innervation
Action: Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation Innervation: Ulnar
74
FDS: Action and Innervation
Action: PIP joint flexion (digits 2–5) Innervation: Median
75
FPL: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb flexion (distal phalanx) Innervation:Median
76
FDP: Action and Innervation
Action: DIP flexion (digits 2–5) Innervation: Medial-Ulnar; Lateral-Median
77
Pronator Quadratus: Action and Innervation
Action: forearm pronation Innervation: median
78
Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb abduction at MCP, CMC Innervation:Median
79
Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Action and Innervation
Action: Thumb flexion Innervation: Median
80
Opponens Digiti Minimi: Action and Innervation
Action: 5th digit abduction Innervation:Ulnar
81
Lumbricals : Action and Innervation
Action: MCP flexion, IP extension Innervation: Lateral 2: Median / Medial 2: Ulnar
82
Dorsal Interossei: Action and Innervation
Action: Abduction of digits 2–4 Innervation: Ulnar
83
Palmar Interossei: Action and Innervation
Action: Adduction of digits 2, 4, 5 Innervation: Ulnar
84
External Intercostals: Action and Innervation
Action: Elevate ribs during inspiration Innervation: Intercostal Nerves
85
Internal Intercostals: Action and Innervation
Action: Depress ribs during forced expiration Innervation: Intercostal Nerves
86
Transversus Thoracis: Action and Innervation
Action: rib depression Innervation: intercostal nerves
87
Quadratus Lumborum: Action and Innervation
Action: Lumbar spine extension & side flexion Innervation: T12–L3 ventral rami
88
Psoas Major: Action and Innervation
Action: Lumbar & hip flexion Innervation: L1–L3 ventral rami
89
Iliacus: Action and Innervation
Action: hip flexion Innervation: femoral
90
Rectus Abdominis: Action and Innervation
Action: trunk flexion, expiration Innervation:lower thoracic nerves
91
External Oblique: Action and Innervation
Action: trunk flexion, rotation Innervation: lower thoracic nerves
92
Internal Oblique: Action and Innervation
Action: Trunk flexion, ipsilateral rotation Innervation:Lower Thoracic & L1
93
Transversus Abdominis: Action and Innervation
Action: Abdominal compression Innervation: Lower thoracic & L1
94
Vastus Lateralis/Medialis. Intermedius: Action and Innervation
Action: Knee extension Innervation: femoral
95
Sartorius: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation; knee flexion Innervation: femoral
96
Pectineus: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation Innervation: femoral
97
Adductor Longus & Brevis : Action and Innervation
Action: Hip adduction, flexion, medial rotation Innervation: Obturator
98
Adductor Magnus: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip adduction, extension, medial rotation Innervation: Obturator & Sciatic
99
Gracilis: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip adduction, medial rotation, knee flexion Innervation: obturator
100
Glute Max: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip extension, external rotation Innervation:Inferior gluteal
101
Glute med/min: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip abduction, assist rotation Innervation: Superior Gluteal
102
Tensor Fasciae Latae: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, medial rotation Innervation: Superior gluteal
103
Piriformis: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip lateral rotation Innervation: nerve to piriformis
104
Biceps Femoris: Action and Innervation
Action: Hip extension, knee flexion Innervation:Sciatic
105
Semimembranosus/tendonosis : Action and Innervation
Action: Hip extension, knee flexion Innervation:Sciatic
106
Tibialis Anterior: Action and Innervation
Action: Dorsiflexion, inversion Innervation:deep peroneal
107
Extensor Digitorum Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Toe extension, dorsiflexion, eversion Innervation: Deep peroneal
108
Extensor Hallucis Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Great toe extension, dorsiflexion, inversion Innervation: deep peroneal
109
Peroneus Tertius: Action and Innervation
Action: Dorsiflexion, eversion Innervation: deep peroneal
110
Peroneus Longus/Brevis: Action and Innervation
Action: Plantarflexion, eversion Innervation: superficial peroneal
111
Gastroc and Soleus: Action and Innervation
Action: PF (gastroc also knee flexion) Innervation:tibial
112
Plantaris: Action and Innervation
Action: Plantarflexion, weak knee flexion Innervation: tibial
113
Popliteus: Action and Innervation
Action: Knee flexion, internal rotation Innervation: tibial
114
Flexor Digitorum Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Toe flexion, plantarflexion, inversion Innervation:tibial
115
Flexor Hallucis Longus: Action and Innervation
Action: Great toe flexion, plantarflexion, inversion Innervation:tibial
116
Tibialis Posterior: Action and Innervation
Action: PF and Inversion Innervation: tibial
117
Foot Intrinsics: Action and Innervation
Action: Innervation:
118
which CN are location in the cerebrum?
1 and 2
119
which CN are location in the midbrain?
3 and 4
120
which CN are location in the pons?
5, 6, 7, 8
121
which CN are location in the medulla?
9, 10, 11, 12
122
which CN supplies the superior oblique muscle?
SO4 CN 4
123
which CN supplies the lateral rectus muscle?
LR6 CN 6
124
how would you test CN 1?
Identify familiar odors with eyes closed * Anosmia: loss of smell
125
how would you test CN 2?
Test visual fields, pupillary reflex (afferent response)
126
how would you test CN 3?
Upward, downward, and medial gaze; pupillary reflex (efferent); eyelid elevation; convergence
127
how would you test CN 4?
Downward and in gaze * Superior oblique muscle (SO4) * Lateral strabismus: eye outward, unable to look in (exotropia
128
how would you test CN 5?
Sensation of face, muscles of mastication, corneal reflex (afferent), jaw reflex
129
how would you test CN 6?
Lateral gaze * Lateral rectus (LR6) * Medial strabismus: eye positioned inward (esotropia)
130
how would you test CN 7?
Muscles of facial expression, taste of anterior one-third of tongue (identify familiar tastes), close eyes tightly, smile with teeth, puff cheeks * Hyperacusis (hearing), decreased lacrimation (tears), absence of corneal reflex (efferent) * Cannot close eye or wrinkle forehead
131
how would you test CN 8?
Hearing tests, balance and coordination tests (finger to nose)
132
how would you test CN 9?
Taste and sensation of posterior one-third of tongue, gag reflex, ability to swallow
133
how would you test CN 10?
Gag reflex, ability to swallow and say “ahh”, rise of uvula when stroked
134
how would you test CN 11?
Resisted shoulder shrug (upper trapezius muscle)
135
how would you test CN 12?
Tongue protrusion; if injured, will deviate toward side of lesion
136
what is bulbar palsy?
weakness or paralysis of muscles innervated by lower brainstem affects face, tongue, larynx, and pharynx muscles CN 9-12 involvment
137
what are the S&S of trigeminal neuralgia?
brief paroxysm of neurogenic pain occurring along trigeminal nerve distribution
138
what is bell palsy?
unilateral face paralysis
139
what is the rinnes test?
air conduction near ear vs bone conduction, specifically the mastoid place tuning fork on mastoid process normal: AC>BC
140
what is the weber test?
place base of fork on top of head normal = no lateralization hear in middle unilateral conduction loss = lateralization to affected side unilateral sensorineural loss = lateralization to unaffected side
141
what is ptosis?
dropping of upper eyelid seen with CN 3 lesion
142
what is horner syndrome?
decreased pupil size, drooping eyelid, absence of sweating, sinking of eyeball
143
what is myopia?
nearsightedness
144
what is presbyopia?
farsightedness
145
what is left homonymous hemianopsia?
loss of temporal half of visual field of left eye and nasal half of visual field of right eye
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