Multiple Sclerosis

Question 1

what is MS?

Answer 1

autoimmune disease characterized by chronic progressive demyelinating of the CNS
myelin is destroyed which means the body cannot conserve energy for nerve cells

Question 2

what are the common signs and symptoms of MS?

Answer 2

commonly U/L
optic conditions: nystagmus, optic neuritis, diplopia, marcus gunn pupil
fatigue
spasticity, hyperreflexia, heat sensitivity
ataxic gait, intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia
cognitive conditions
bowel and bladder conditions: spastic, flaccid, dyssynergia, constipation
paresthesia or hyperpathia
dysphasia and/or dysarthria
neurpathic pain
pseudobulbar affect
lhermitte sign
uhthoff phenomenon

Question 3

what is marcus gunn pupil?

Answer 3

when a light is shined in the eye, pupil contraction is limited

Question 4

what is spastic bladder?

Answer 4

overactive bladder commonly due to hypertonic muscles

Question 5

what is flaccid bladder?

Answer 5

failure to empty bladder because muscles do not fully contract

Question 6

what is dyssynergic bladder?

Answer 6

decreased coordination between contraction and relaxation

Question 7

what is the pseudobulbar affect?

Answer 7

involuntary emotional expression disorder
sudden and unpredictable episodes of crying, laughing, or other emotional displays

Question 8

what is uhthoff phenomenon?

Answer 8

increased neurological signs and symptoms due to head

Question 9

what are the 3 types of MS?

Answer 9

relapsing-remitting: short duration attacks with full or partial recovery
primary progressive: steady decline of function without attacks
secondary progressive: initially relapsing-remitting type followed by decline of function without periods of remission