Movement Definitions for Study

Question 1

agonist:

Answer 1

the prime mover in any given movement or exercise

Question 2

antagonist:

Answer 2

the opposing muscle to the agonist in an exercise

Question 3

synergist:

Answer 3

muscle that performs same or similar movement as agonist

Question 4

stabilizer:

Answer 4

muscle that stabilizes a body part or joint during an exercise

Question 5

What is the segment that is acted upon by muscular work or effort called

Answer 5

Lever

Question 6

fulcrum:
Hint: represented by …

Answer 6

represented by the joint involved

Question 7

effort is represented by the effort …

Answer 7

of muscular work and insertion point of tendon

Question 8

What is resistance represented by?
(TEST Mode - 2 new cards created)

Answer 8

represented by the force that opposes effort; can be the actual weight used, gravity, weight of a body part or a combination of any of these

Question 9

What does mechanical advantage measure?

Answer 9

The efficiency of the lever

Question 10

Good mechanical advantage is when …
(TEST MODE as in 2 additional cards have been created)

Answer 10

the effort can overcome the resistance without expending as much force as the resistance

Question 11

co-contraction:

Answer 11

the opposing muscle groups, or agonist and antagonist, contract simultaneously to promote joint stability

Question 12

Closed Kinetic Chain Movement: (3)

Answer 12

• multi-joint / multi-muscle involvement
• path of motion is primarily linear
• proximal end of lever is freely moveable while distal end is fixed

Question 13

What type of movement am I refering to when there’s multi-joint / multi-muscle involvement?

Answer 13

Closed Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 14

What type of movement am I refering to when the path of motion is primarily linear?

Answer 14

Closed Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 15

What type of movement am I refering to when the proximal end of lever is freely moveable while distal end is fixed?

Answer 15

Closed Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 16

Open Kinetic Chain Movement: (3)

Answer 16

• usually single joint / single muscle involvement
• path of motion is arc-like or rotary
• distal end is freely moveable, proximal end is fixed

Question 17

What type of movement am I refering to when there’s usually single joint / single muscle involvement?

Answer 17

Open Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 18

What type of movement am I refering to when the path of motion is arc-like or rotary?

Answer 18

Open Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 19

What type of movement am I refering to when the distal end is freely moveable, proximal end is fixed?

Answer 19

Open Kinetic Chain Movement

Question 20

What is Gravity?

Answer 20

the attraction of the mass of the earth to the mass of other
objects

Question 21

what force gives objects weight?

Answer 21

gravity

Question 22

What is the most consistent force encountered by the body?

Answer 22

gravity

Question 23

Gravity is the most consistent
force encountered by the body, and its point of application is referred to as …

Answer 23

the centre of gravity (C.O.G.)

Question 24

What does C.O.G. stand for?

Answer 24

center of gravity

Question 25

What is at the meeting point of all three planes and in the anatomical position can be located just anterior to the 2nd sacral vertebrae?

Answer 25

The center of gravity

Question 26

Where is the center of gravity in the body?

Answer 26

At the meeting point of all three planes and (in the anatomical position) can be located just anterior to the 2nd sacral vertebrae.

Question 27

Is the center of gravity the same for everyone?

Answer 27

No, it varies from person to person.

Question 28

What can affect the center of gravity of a person?

Answer 28

pregnancy and injuries

Question 29

Posture is defined as the … (TEST MODE - as in I've also broken this card down into it's components)

Answer 29

neuromuscular/skeletal relationships that optimize alignment and joint and muscle action in order to minimize structural stress.

Question 30

Balance is the ability to … (TEST MODE 3 new cards created)

Answer 30

organize one’s body over its own bases of support quickly and accurately – both in controlled and unpredictable environments.

Question 31

Mobility:

Answer 31

The ability of the joints to move through their optimal range of motion with ease and control.

Question 32

Activation: is the ability of a …

Answer 32

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to participate fully in appropriate movements and exercises, whether as prime movers, synergists or stabilizers.

Question 33

What do we call the neuromuscular/skeletal relationships that optimize alignment?

Answer 33

Posture

Question 34

What actions are optimized by posture?

Answer 34

Joint and muscle action

Question 35

What is the goal of posture?

Answer 35

To minimize structural stress

Question 36

When does good mechanical advantage occur?

Answer 36

When effort overcomes resistance with less force than the resistance.

Question 37

What’s the key feature of mechanical advantage?

Answer 37

Less effort is needed than the size of the resistance.

Question 38

What does resistance represent?

Answer 38

The force that opposes effort.

Question 39

What forms can resistance take?

Answer 39

Weight, gravity, body part weight, or a combination.

Question 40

What is balance?

Answer 40

The ability to organize the body over its bases of support.

Question 41

How should balance be achieved?

Answer 41

Quickly and accurately.

Question 42

In what environments must balance work?

Answer 42

Both controlled and unpredictable environments.