Clinical Anatomy > MSK - Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

MSK - Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the upper limbs attatcehd to?

A

only the clavicle

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2
Q

what are the diff parts of the upper limb

A

Shoulder
 Scapula and glenohumeral joint
 Clavicle and trunk

Arm
 Humerus

Forearm
 Ulna and radius

Hand
 Carpal bones
 Metacarpals
 Phalanges

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3
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

scapula and clavicle

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4
Q

label the scapula
What are the anatomical places on the scapula?

A
  • supraspinous fossa
  • scapular spine
  • infraspinous fossa
  • scapular notch
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5
Q

What are the movements of the scapula?

A
  • retraction
  • protraction
  • abduction
  • adduction
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6
Q

Where does the scapular spine end?

A

acromion process

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7
Q

all teh joints of scapula

A

glenohumeral - between glenoid fossa of scapula and humerus = allows abduction, adduction and extension, flexion

acromioclavicular - between clavicle and accromion of scapula

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8
Q

Which muscles does the scapular fossa host?

A

Subscapularis muscle on subscapular fossa
Supraspinatus on supraspinous fossa
Infraspanatous muscle on infrasponous fossa

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9
Q

How is the clavicle held to the scapula?

How is the clavicle articulating with the sternum?

A

through acromioclavicular joint and through ligaments such as plane ligaments

sternoclavicular joint which contains articular disc of the joint = even if it is a saddle joint and ligaments = ICA

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10
Q

What are the 3 ligaments involved in holding the clavicle?

A
  • anterior sternoclavicular ligament
  • interclavicular ligament
  • costoclavicular ligament (hold the weight)
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11
Q

What three joints make up the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular joint

GAS!!!!!!

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12
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket joint : head of humerus with glenoid fossa of scapula which is outlined by glenoid labrum (fibrous structure)
Most freely moving joint: stability sacrificed

articulation of humerus with glenoid fossa of scapula allowing for high mobility and low stability

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13
Q

label and what atttaches to the tubercle

A

muscles

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14
Q

label and what runs in the radial groove

A

radial nerve

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15
Q

label and what is the diff between glenoid cavity and labrum

A

cavity = cartilage
labrum = fibrous

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16
Q

What ligaments stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A

capsular ligaments which are surrounded by and reinforced by muscle and ligaments

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17
Q

label the ligaments of the shoulder

A
  1. capsular ligament which is for the glenohumeraln joint
  2. corocoacriminal joint - prevents superior displacement of head of humerus
  3. acromoclavicular joint
  4. coracoclavicular joint
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18
Q

person experiences superior displacement of shoulder, what ligament is responsible for preventing this

A

Coracoacromial ligament = Prevents superior displacement of head of humerus

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19
Q

Identify the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Composed of Trapezoid and Conoid ligament
Runs from clavicle to posterior aspect of coracoid process of scapula

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20
Q

What are the movement which are allowed by the glenohumeoral joint?

A
  • abduction and adduction
  • medial rotation and lateral rotation
  • flexion and extension

FLAME

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21
Q

What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior

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22
Q

Which dislocation is most common at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Anterior dislocation
Due to excessive abduction and external rotation
Damage to glenohumeral ligament

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23
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane gliding synovial joint
Formed by the acromion and the clavicle
Acromioclavicular articular synovial capsule will encase the joint

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24
Q

What is present in the glenohumeral joint to reduce friction.

A

Synovial bursae
These are fluid filled sacs that acts as a cushion between tendons and other joint structures

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25
pec major: 2 heads? function? function of pec major? innervation?
clavicular head (medial half of clavicle) = flex arm sternocostal head (anterior sternum and external oblique apopneurosis) = extend arm in flexed position function = adducts and medially rotates humerus - scapula = draws antero-inferiorly innervation = medial and lateral pectoral nerves
26
Where does the serratus anterior run?
starts of on the rib 2-9 and continuses laterally running underneath the scapula
27
Where does the pectoralis minor attach and insert? What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
attach onto rib 2 - 5 and insert into coracoid process bring shoulder forward and stablise
28
What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
29
what are the posterior axio appendicular muscles innervated by?
ventral branches of spinal nerves
30
label What shape is the trapzieus muscle and what are the divison? What does the trapezius cover? What are the functions of the different parts of the trapezius?
diamond shaped which is divided into 3 parts; - ascending part of trapezius - middle part of trapezius - descending part of trapezius all the way from the spinous process of vertebrae to nucheal line and converge on the spine of the scapula - Descending (superior) part - elevate and rotate the scapula upwards; - Middle part - retract the scapula; Ascending (inferior) part - medially rotate and depress the scapula
31
What does the latissimus dorsi do? Where does the lattisimus dorsi attach and insert?
adduct arm (with pec major) and laterally rotate the arm lattis=laterally rotate attach = thoracolumbar aponeurosis insert = floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
32
What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles (scalpohumeral)?
- deltoid - teres major - rotator cuff (teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis)
33
What are the 3 parts of the deltoid?
anterior (clavicular), middle, posterior (spinal)
34
What does the clavicular part of deltoid attach, insert and what is the function? What does the middle part of deltoid attach, insert and what is the function? What does the spinal part of deltoid attach, insert and what is the function?
attach = lateral 1/3 of clavicle insert = deltoid tuberosity of humerus function = medially rotate arm attach = lateral border of acromion process insert = deltoid tuberosity of humerus function = abduction attach = spine of scapula insert = deltoid tuberosity of humerus function = laterally rotate arm
35
whats this, what runs in it?
deltopec groove cephallic vein
36
what is deltoid innervated by?
axillary nerve
37
is teres major part of rotator cuff muscles?
no! SITS- supra, infra, teres minor, subsclpularis
38
Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert? label
greater tubercle of humerus
39
When all of the 4 rotator cuff muscles come together was is the function?
pull the humerus towards the glenoid fossa to stop it from popping out
40
what is innervation of rotator cuff msucles what happens if supraspinatous msucle is fucked
Teres Minor = Axillary nerve Other 3 muscles = suprascapular nerve u cant abduct bc supraspinatous muscle is for abduction
41
label and What is the function of the synovial sheath?
reduce friction on a tendon as it crosses a number of joint allowing the long head of biceps brachii tendon to travel up and down without generating fricition
42
How is the glenoid joint portected?
fibrous membrane of joint capsule, synovial fluid. synovial sheath, Subscapular bursa - is located between the tendon of the subscapularis muscle and the capsule. It functions to reduces frictional damage to the subscapularis muscle during movement of the glenohumeral joint, particularly during internal rotation.
43
What is the subtendinous bursa of subscapularis?
minimises the friction over the joint when lots of muscle run over the top of it
44
What is the clinical importance of the surgical/anatomical neck of the humerus?
Posterior circumflex artery and axillary artery runs here Fracture to the surgical neck can lead to damage of these structures Axillary nerve damage can lead to paralysis of the teres minor and deltoid muscles. (Therefore difficulty performing abduction)
45
What are the 3 shoulder spaces and what do they allow for?
triangular space, triangular interval, quadrangular space = allows for important arteries, nerves and veins to travel through
46
What travels through the triangular space?
circumflex scapular artery
47
What travels through the triangular interval?
- radial nerve - profunda brachii artery
48
What runs through the quadrangular space?
- axillary nerve - posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
49
What is the axilla?
pyramidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the axillary fascia at the junction of the arm and thorax
50
What are the 3 joint that make up the elbow?
1. humeroulnar (hinge joint) 2. humeroradial (limited ball and socket ) 3. proximal radioulnar joint (pivot joint)
51
What are the 2 important articular surfaces for humerus to attach to radius?
1. capitulum 2. trochlea CAPS R TRU UMBRELLAS
52
What does the trochlea do?
articulates with the ulnar forming a almost hook joint
53
What does the capitulum of the humerus do?
articulates with radius through a ball and socket
54
What are the structures stabilising the interaction between the distal humerus and the radius and ulna? (3)
- fat pads for stability - radial collateral ligament )stops elbow from dislocating) - ulnar collateral ligament - angular ligament of radius (for proximal radioulnar joint)
55
What is the recess found in the synovial membrane?
sacciform recess of synovial membrane
56
What is used in pronation? What is used in supination?
radius crossing over ulna pivot joint between the distal humerus an radius and ulna
57
What part of the ulna limits hyperextension of the elbow?
Olecranon process
58
What is important about the head of the radius in pronation and supination?
Head of the radius acts like a wheel Will enable supination (palm facing upwards) and pronation (palm facing downwards)
59
What movements can be carried out at the elbow joint?
Supination and pronation Flexion and extension
60
label the ulna
61
what ligament allows supination of the elbow?
anular ligament
62
what are the medial and lateral epicondyte for?
muscular atttachements
63
label the various muscluar compartments of the arm
64
what is the purpose of teh deep fascia in the muscles of the arm?
seperates musculature, veins, arteries from skin, fat etc
65
what is the lateral intermuscular septum?
where fascia inserts and joins bone to form an anterior and posterior compartment
66
How do the axillary lymph nodes drain? What are the 5 groups
PHACS - pectoral humeral apical central subscapular
67
What muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the arm? (BBC) What is the muscle action of the anterior compartment of the arm? What nerve innervates these muscles? WHAT ARE THE 3 ATTATCHMENST OF TEH COROCOID PROCESS
Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis Flexion (Biceps brachi = Supination Coracobrachialis = Flexion at shoulder and adduction) Musculocutaneous nerve TEH 3 ATTTACHMENST ARE: - PEC MINOR - CAROCOIBRACHIALIS - SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII
68
What are the categories of the muscle of the arm?
anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartment
69
What does the deep fascia in the arm separate? What does the lateral intermuscular septum do?
separate muscle and deep arteries and veins and from skin, subepithelial fat fascia goes inwards joining to the bone
70
What are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
- biceps brachii (short and long head) - brachialis - coracobrachialis
71
Where does the short and long head of the biceps brachii attach?
short = simple route onto the coracoid process long = goes through intertubecular groove attaching to supraglenoid tubercle
72
What is the function of the brachialis? Where does the brachialis attach to and insert?
flexion of elbow attach = deltoid tuberosity insert = coranoid process on ulna
73
What is the function of the coracobrachilais? What is the attachment and insertion of coracobrachialis?
flexion of shoulder attach = coracoid process insert = humeral shaft
74
What muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm?
triceps brachii which is made of 3 branches: lateral, medial and long head
75
What is the attachment and insertion of long head of triceps brachii? What is the attachment and insertion of middle head of triceps brachii? What is the attachment and insertion of lateral head of triceps brachii?
attach = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula insertion = olecranon attach = posterior surface of humerus insertion = olecranon attach = posterior surface of humerus insertion = olecranon
76
What is the vasculature of the upper limb?
mainly branches of the subclavian artery which come from the arch of aorta - subclavian turns into axillary artery AT RIB 1 - axillary becomes brachialis at lower border of teres
77
What are the divisions of the axillary artery?
1st: super thoracic 2nd: thoracoacromial 3rd: subscapular
78
When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
at the lateral margin of rib 1
79
What are the branches of the axillary artery?
thoracoacromial artery, deltoid branch, pectoral branch, circumflex arteries (supply alot of blood for the shoulder)
80
What are the divisions of the brachial artery posteriorly?
- ulnar collateral (superior and inferior) - radial collateral artery - radial recurrent artery - ulnar recurrent (anterior and posterior)
81
What is the venous drainage of the upper arm?
axillary vein basilic vein cephalic vein ABC
82
What is the feature of the cephalic vein?
stays superfisical the whole way and will pierce the deep fascia and drain straight into subclavian vein
83
What is the feature of the basilic vein?
run on the inside of the arm from ulna and pierces the deep fascia
84
What does the radial nerve supply?
all muscle in posterior compartment
85
What are the axillary lymph nodes?
1. humoural 2. pectoral 3. scapular 4. central 5. apex 6. subclavicular
Clinical Anatomy
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