People of Color - Citation and definition
Cross (1991) Racial Identity Model for POC.
Use of the ADDRESSING Model - cite
Hays (1996, 2008)
It can be used by counselors and counselor educators in the following ways: (a) to raise awareness of and challenge one’s own biases and areas of inexperience and (b) to consider the salience of multiple cultural influences on clients of minority cultures.
Define hegemonic
ruling or dominant in a political or social context
EX: European intellectuals have long debated the consequences of the hegemony of American popular culture around the world.
Social Justice Educational Foundations
Marbley, Steele, & McAuliffe (2011)
Six guiding notions -
- Culture is a social construct that leads to our assumptions of what is good and true.
- Comprehensiveness: definition of culture is broad, to include all social groups.
- Diversity vs Disparity: We can’t consider one without the other; power and access to important things.
- Multicultural competencies: Awareness, knowledge and skills.
- Universality and individuality are both important: culture guides behavior, individual personality, and temperament also informs behavior.
- Teaching process: Experience and reflection are needed for learning
ADDRESSING citation and definition
Hays (1996, 2008)
- Age/Generation (Children, Adolescent, Elders)
- DDisabilities (congenital and/or acquired)
- Religion/Spirituality (Religious Minority cultures)
- Ethnic and Racial Identity (Ethnic and Racial minority cultures)
- Socioeconomic Status (Class status: education, income, rural)
- Sexual Orientation (LGBTQ+)
- Indigenous Heritage (Indigenous, Aboriginal, Native)
- National Origin (Refugees, Immigrants, International)
- Gender (Cis-, Trans-, Other)
MSJCC Graphic
Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, (2015)
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Theory
Sue, Ivey, and Pederson (1996)
- Emphasis on context vs the individual,
- matching practice with culture,
- liberation of consciousness
MSJCC citation and brief definition
Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, and; McCullough, (2015)
Developmental domains reflect the various areas that cause multicultural and social justice competence:
- counselor self-awareness,
- client viewpoint,
- counseling relationship
- counseling and advocacy interventions
The outer ring is the KASA (Knowledge, Actions, Skills, Attitudes and Beliefs.
The counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes the socioecological model to provide counselors with a multilevel framework for social justice advocacy and individual counseling.
Oppression Model - cite and define
Bell (1997)
- Agent group vs. target group
- Oppression is a condition in which the agent groups systematically devalue beliefs and experiences of target groups
- Provided definitions for stereotype, prejudice, discrimination (individual and institutional and structural) Internalized oppression (Harro, 2000)
Ecological Systems Theory
Bronfrenbrenner (1979)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
