PE Paper 1 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

How many types of muscles are there

A

3

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2
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A

Skeletal: enables us to move
Cardiac : found only in heart
Smooth : found in the bodies internal organs

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3
Q

Label the muscles on a diagram

A

Ok

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4
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the elbow when in flexion

A

Biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the elbow when in extension

A

Triceps brachii

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6
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the knee when in flexion

A

Hamstring

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7
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the knee when in extension

A

Quadriceps

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8
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the ankle when plantaflexion

A

Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the ankle when in dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

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10
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in flexion

A

Deltoid

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11
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in extension

A

Deltoid

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12
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in horizontal flexion/adduction

A

Pectoralis major

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13
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in horizontal extension/abduction

A

Trapezius

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14
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in abduction

A

Deltoid

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15
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the shoulder when in adduction

A

Latissimus dorsi

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16
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the hip when in flexion

A

Hip flexors

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17
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the hip when in extension

A

Gluteals

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18
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the hip when in abduction

A

Abductors

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19
Q

What is the agonist muscle in the hip when in adduction

A

Adductors

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20
Q

Sporting example (of muscle) of flexion of elbow

A

Bicep curl

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21
Q

Sporting example (of muscle) of extension in elbow

A

Chest pass in netball uses triceps brachii

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22
Q

Sporting example (of muscle) of knee in flexion

A

Downward stage of Squat- uses hamstrings

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23
Q

Sporting example (of muscle) of knee in extension

A

Jumping for a rebound in netball - uses quadriceps

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24
Q

Sporting example (of muscle) of ankle when in plantarflexion

A

Take off in long jump - uses gastrocnemius

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25
Sporting example (of muscle) of ankle when in dorsiflexion
Downwards stage of Calf raises- uses tibialis anterior
26
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder in flexion
Dive in swimming - uses deltoids
27
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder when in extension
Arm exit in front crawl - uses deltoids
28
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder in horizontal flexion/adduction
Discus release- uses pectorals
29
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder in horizontal extension
Discus preparation - uses trapezius
30
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder abduction
Out of a star jump- uses deltoids
31
Sporting example (of muscle) of shoulder when in adduction
In of a star jump- uses latissimus dorsi
32
Sporting example (of muscle) of hip in flexion
Tuck jump- uses hip flexors
33
Sporting example (of muscle) of hip in extension
Standing from squad (upward phase)- uses gluteals
34
Sporting example (of muscle) of hip in abduction
Out of star jump- uses abductors
35
Sporting example (of muscle) of hip in adduction
In of a star jump- uses adductors
36
Can muscles push, pull or both
Only pull
37
What do muscles work in
Antagonistic muscle pairs
38
As one muscles contracts what does the other do
Relax
39
Examples of antagonistic muscle pairs
Biceps and triceps Hamstrings and quadriceps Pectorals and trapezius Gluteals and hip flexors Abductors and adductors
40
What does the agonist muscle do in a movement
Contracts
41
What does the antagonist muscle always do in movement
Relaxes
42
Which muscle contracts
Agonist
43
Which muscle relaxes
Antagonist
44
What is the agonist muscle
Working muscle -produces desired movement Always be a concentric contraction Prime mover
45
What is antagonist muscle
Opposes action of agonist muscle Eccentric contraction (lengthening)
46
What is isotonic contractions
When muscle changes length when contracting (concentric or eccentric)
47
What is concentric contractions
When muscle shortens (isotonic)
48
What is eccentric contraction
Lengthening (isotonic)
49
What is isometric contractions
When muscle contracts but remains in a fixed position
50
In isometric contraction is there an agonist and antagonist muscle
No both are agonist muscles - both muscles work (contracting) but no change in joint movement
51
What is a fixator muscle
Assists agonist muscle pairs by stabilising the origin of the prime mover.
52
Is there a certain fixator muscle for each muscle
No
53
Which one is the fixator muscle
Usually ones above the one that is moving
54
What is the synergistic muscle
A muscle that actively helps the agonist to produce the desired movement Prevents any undesired movements Makes movement fluid
55
Example of fixator muscle
Trapezius contracts to stabilise the origin of the biceps
56
Example of synergist muscle
Soleus helps the gastrocnemius
57
What is antagonistic muscle action
One muscle contracts the other lengthens
58
What is an articulating bone
The bones in a joint
59
How many quadriceps do you have
4
60
How many hamstrings do you have
3
61
What are you most likely to injure quadriceps or hamstrings
Hamstrings because you only have 3
62
What do abdominals help with
Core stability
PE Paper 1
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