hemoptysis + hematuria –> indicates what dz/condition?
Goodpasture
asthma + hematuria –> indicates what dz/condition?
Churg-Strauss
hyperCa –> EKG finding?
shortened QT
Alport’s syndrome (aka hereditary nephritis) –> presentation
classic triad
- nephritic synd
- sensorineural hearing loss
- ocular abnormalities
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz) –> presentation
episodic frank hematuria within 1 day of URI
Wegener’s granulomatosis –> presentation
- upper airway/eye/ear disease
- rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis –> chronic renal fail
Wegener’s granulomatosis –> tx
- steroids
- cyclophosphamide
Goodpasture’s syndrome –> tx
- plasma exchange
- steroids
- cyclophosphamide
Alport syndrome –> renal biopsy histology
glomerular basement membrane splitting
Berger’s dz (IgA nephropathy) –> tx
- ACEI
- steroids
24F –> depressed, fatigue, palpitations –> convinced she’s fat, on restrictive diet for 2mo, daily laxative –> exam shows dehydration
- hypo/hyperK?
- acidosis/alkalosis?
why?
excess laxative –> loss of K and bicarb from colon –> hypoK + acidosis
methanol poisoning –> tx
- ethanol
- fomepizole
methanol poisoning –> trt w ethanol –> MOA?
ethanol –> better affinity to ADH than methanol –> prevent conversion of methanol to its toxic byproducts
what is normal CO2 level?
40
metabolic alkalosis –> next step in dx?
check urine chloride
metabolic alkalosis –> urine chloride <10 –> indicates what condition?
contraction alkalosis (volume-down):
- diuretics
- dehydration
- emesis/NG
metabolic acidosis –> non-anion gap
what conditions (2)?
- renal tubular acidosis
- diarrhea
what is winter’s formula
expected pCO2 = 1.5 x bicarb + 8 +/- 2
Na: low
serum osmolality: low
urine Na: high
urine osmolality: normal
what condition?
- SIADH
- excessive diuresis
SIADH –> tx
water restrict
cystine kidney stones –> pathophys
AR –> defect in amino acid transport –> cystinuria –> cystine stones
cystine kidney stones –> assoc with alkaline or acidic urine?
acidic
severe hyperNa –> tx
D5W
mod hyperNa –> tx
NS
