Nephrolithiasis

Question 1

Nephrolithisis presentation ?

Answer 1

1. Hematuria
2. Colicky pain
3. Unilateral flank tenderness

Question 2

Most common type Nephrolithisis ?

Answer 2

Ca-Oxalate / Ca-Phosphate

Question 3

Causes of Ca stone ?

Answer 3

1. Hypercalciurea
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Crohn Disease

Question 4

Tx of Ca stone ?

Answer 4

1. Hydrochlorothiazide
2. ca sparing diuretic

Question 5

Ammonium-Mg-Phosphate stone cause ?

Answer 5

1. Proteeus vulgaris
2. Klebshiella

Question 6

Feature of NH4-Mg-Phosphate stone ?

Answer 6

Staghorn calculi in renal calyces

Question 7

NH4-Mg-Phosphate stone Tx ?

Answer 7

Surgical removal

Question 7

Risk factor of uric acid stone ?

Answer 7

1. Hot
2. Acidic climates
3. Gout
4. Hyperuricemia
5. Leukemia
6. Myeloproliferative disease
7. Low urine volume
8. Acidic pH

133

Question 8

Cystine stone cause ?

Answer 8

Cystinuria
Genetic defects in tubules
= dec reabsoprtion of cysteine

Question 9

Feature of cystine stone ?

Answer 9

Staghorn calculi

Question 10

Tx of cystine stone ?

Answer 10

1. Urine-Hydration
2. Urine-Alkalinization