NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

anything that can cause excitation or activation

Answer 1

stimulus

Question 2

a wave of excitation transmitted through nervous

tissues (along neuron connections)

Answer 2

impulse

Question 3

an automatic and involuntary response to change

Answer 3

reflex

Question 4

is the primary functional cell of the nervous system. This

cell is highly excitable, which results in the rapid transmission of information

Answer 4

neuron

Question 5

cell body

Answer 5

soma

Question 6

are neuronal

processes that transmit electrical signals toward the cell body

Answer 6

dendrites

Question 7

a neuronal process responsible in conducting electrical signals away from the
cell body

Answer 7

axon

Question 8

conduct signals from receptors to the central nervous

system (CNS)

Answer 8

sensory

or afferent neurons

Question 9

conduct signals from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles and glands

Answer 9

motor or efferent neurons

Question 10

conduct signals from one neuron to another, and are

mainly confined to the CNS

Answer 10

interneurons or

association neurons

Question 11

having only one process

Answer 11

unipolar neurons

Question 12

having

one dendrite and one axon, and these are common in sensory system

Answer 12

bipolar neurons

Question 13

are sensory neurons having their single dendrite and

axon fused resulting to a single process appearance

Answer 13

pseudounipolar neurons

Question 14

having a number of dendrites and a single axon

Answer 14

multipolar

neurons

Question 15

Supporting cells of the nervous system

Answer 15

neuroglia

Question 16

are cells of the CNS that form the myelin

sheaths that surround axon of neurons

Answer 16

Oligodendrocytes

Question 17

are cells of the CNS that regulate extracellular brain

fluid composition and promote tight junctions to form the bloodbrain barrier.

Answer 17

Astrocytes

Question 18

are specialized macrophages of the CNS responsible in

removing damage neurons and infections.

Answer 18

Microglia

Question 19

CNS cells that line the brain ventricles and
spinal cord central canal, and also help in forming choroid
plexuses that secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Answer 19

Ependymal cells

Question 20

peripheral nervous system (PNS) cells that
surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia (singular: ganglion; clusters
of neural bodies outside the CNS), and provide support and
nutrients.

Answer 20

Satellite cells

Question 21

are cells of the PNS that are

wrap around portion of one axon to form myelin sheath.

Answer 21

Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes

Question 22

• composed of the brain
  and spinal cord
• controls most of the functions of the body and mind

Answer 22

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 23

composed of sensory neurons and motor

neurons, which are further divided based on their physiologic functions

Answer 23

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 24

receives and processes
sensory information, initiates responses, stores memories, and generates
thoughts and emotions

Answer 24

brain

Question 25

is responsible in conducting | signals to and from the brain, and controls reflex activities.

Answer 25

spinal cord

Question 26

The CNS is | covered by a connective tissue called

Answer 26

meninges

Question 27

the thick | outermost layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 27

dura mater or pachymeninx

Question 28

the middle layer with thin filaments creating a weblike appearance

Answer 28

arachnoid

Question 29

the innermost layer that directly covers the surface of the | brain

Answer 29

pia mater

Question 30

is used to describe the combination | of pia mater and arachnoid

Answer 30

leptomeninx

Question 31

the largest | part, that can be divided into several lobes

Answer 31

cerebrum

Question 32

- located at the back of the brainstem - functions in coordination of muscle movements, maintaining posture, and balance

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

- connects the cerebral hemispheres (right and left) with the spinal cord - functions as relay center, connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord for involuntary movements such as swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, body temperature, digestion, and wake and sleep cycles

Answer 33

brainstem

Question 34

The surface of the cerebrum in domestic mammals is increased by numerous foldings to form convex ridges which are separated by furrows

Answer 34

gyri (gyrus: singular) & fissures or sulci (sulcus: singular)

Question 35

for judgement, | foresight, and voluntary movement

Answer 35

frontal lobe

Question 36

for comprehension of | language

Answer 36

parietal lobe

Question 37

as the primary visual area

Answer 37

occipital lobe

Question 38

for intellectual and emotional functions

Answer 38

temporal lobe

Question 39

5 parts of spinal cord

Answer 39

- cervical part - thoracic part - lumbar part - sacral part - caudal or coccygeal part

Question 40

the inner part, has letter H | appearance and composed mainly of nerve cell bodies

Answer 40

gray matter/substance

Question 41

superficial part, composed predominantly of nerve fibers.

Answer 41

white | matter/substance

Question 42

that controls voluntary movements

Answer 42

somatic nervous system

Question 43

that controls involuntary movement

Answer 43

autonomic nervous system

Question 44

for “fight or flight”

Answer 44

sympathetic division

Question 45

for “rest and digest”

Answer 45

parasympathetic division

Question 46

controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and the display of emotions.

Answer 46

forebrain

Question 47

associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

Answer 47

midbrain

Question 48

controls functions outside conscious | control, such as breathing and blood flow.

Answer 48

hindbrain

Question 49

are pairs of nerves that connect the brain to the | different parts of the head, neck, and trunk, providing motor and sensory supply

Answer 49

cranial nerves

Question 50

cranial nerves | sensory type for smell

Answer 50

I - olfactory

Question 51

cranial nerves | sensory type for vision

Answer 51

II - optic

Question 52

cranial nerves | motor type for eye movement (3)

Answer 52

III - oculomotor IV - trochlear VI - abducens

Question 53

cranial nerves | both sensory and motor type for facial touch, temperature, and pain

Answer 53

V - trigeminal

Question 54

cranial nerves | both sensory and motor type for chewing, saliva production, and taste buds

Answer 54

VII - facial

Question 55

cranial nerves | sensory type for maintaining equilibrium and hearing

Answer 55

VIII - vestibulocochlear

Question 56

cranial nerves | both sensory and motor type for throat and tongue movement and swallowing

Answer 56

IX - glossopharyngeal

Question 57

cranial nerves | both sensory and motor type for heart and lung signals

Answer 57

X - vagus

Question 58

cranial nerves | motor type for neck muscle motor functions

Answer 58

XI - accessory

Question 59

cranial nerves | motor type for tongue, chewing movement, and speech

Answer 59

XII - hypoglossal