SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

is composed of several types of bones based on

their appearance, location, and functions

Answer 1

skeletal system

Question 2

Functions of Bones

Answer 2

• support
• for storage of minerals
• blood cell production
• protection
  of internal tissues/ organs
• leverage

Question 3

About ___ of bones are an

organic framework of fibrous tissues and cells

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

About ___ of bones are

inorganic component

Answer 4

2/3

Question 5

1/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that is called ______

Answer 5

collagen - polysaccharides - glycosaminoglycans

Question 6

Glycosaminoglycans contains _____

Answer 6

chondroitin sulfate

Question 7

Glycosaminoglycans gives bones _____ and _____

Answer 7

resilience - toughness

Question 8

2/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that give bone _____ and _____

Answer 8

largely of calcium - phosphorus salts - hardness - rigidity

Question 9

are dense or cortical, with a hard-exterior layer

and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones

Answer 9

compact bones

Question 10

are
spongy bones composed spicules arranged to form a porous (reticular)
network with spaces usually filled with marrow

Answer 10

cancellous bones

Question 11

is the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

Answer 11

medullary cavity or marrow cavity

Question 12

In young animals, this cavity is filled with _____, mainly composed of ______, and is gradually replaced by ______ as the animal ages

Answer 12

red marrow - hematopoietic tissues - yellow marrow

Question 13

referring to

either end of a long bone (extremity)

Answer 13

epiphysis

Question 14

the cylindrical shaft of a long bone

between the two epiphyses

Answer 14

diaphysis

Question 15

• referring to the flared (erupting)
  area adjacent to the epiphysis of a mature bone
• area where the cortical bone become thinner

Answer 15

metaphysis

Question 16

• a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis that separates the
  diaphysis from epiphysis of an immature bone
• area in which a bone can increase in length

Answer 16

epiphyseal cartilage or

disk

Question 17

is a thin

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers that articular (joint) surface of a bone

Answer 17

Articular cartilage

Question 18

is a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

except where the articular cartilage is located

Answer 18

periosteum

Question 19

is the

fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity

Answer 19

endosteum

Question 20

are the bone-producing cells

Answer 20

osteoblasts

Question 21

are the bone-destroying

cells

Answer 21

osteoclasts

Question 22

• are greater in one dimension than any other
• function
  chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension

Answer 22

Long bones

Question 23

examples of long bone

Answer 23

• femur
• tibia
• fibula
• metatarsals
• humerus
• ulna
• radius
• metacarpals
• phalanges

Question 24

• are cuboid, or approximately equal in all
  dimensions; interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces
• absorb concussion, and they are found in complex joints, such as carpals and
  tarsals

Answer 24

Short bones

Question 25

examples of short bone

Answer 25

- carpals | - tarsals

Question 26

- are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions - chiefly for the protection of vital organs

Answer 26

Flat bones

Question 27

spongy material that separates lamina externa from interna

Answer 27

diploe

Question 28

examples of flat bone

Answer 28

- sternum - ribs - scapula - cranial bones

Question 29

- are so called because of their fancied resemblance to a sesame seed - reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull, such as the patella.

Answer 29

Sesamoid bones

Question 30

examples of sesamoid bone

Answer 30

- patellae

Question 31

contain air | spaces or sinuses that communicate with the atmosphere

Answer 31

Pneumatic bones

Question 32

- are unpaired bones on the median plane - protection, support, and muscular attachment such as the vertebrae and fascial bones

Answer 32

Irregular bones

Question 33

examples of irregular bone

Answer 33

- vertebrae | - facial bones

Question 34

located along the axis of the body | and composed of the bones of the head and trunk of the vertebrae

Answer 34

axial skeleton

Question 35

are bones associated with the appendages of the | body, such as the bones of the limb, including the bones that unite them

Answer 35

appendicular skeleton

Question 36

are any bony formation in an organ such as in the heart, | tongue and penis or certain animals

Answer 36

visceral skeleton

Question 37

axial - cranium part | form the caudal and dorsal walls

Answer 37

The occipital, parietal, interparietal, and frontal bones

Question 38

axial - cranium part form the lateral and ventral walls

Answer 38

the temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 39

axial - cranium part | forms the rostral wall

Answer 39

ethmoid bone

Question 40

has the cornual process or the bony projections, except polled animals, covered by the horn

Answer 40

frontal bone

Question 41

contain the middle and inner ears

Answer 41

temporal bones

Question 42

supports the brain and pituitary gland

Answer 42

sphenoid bone

Question 43

presents the numerous openings for passage of the olfactory nerves for the sense of smell

Answer 43

ethmoid bone

Question 44

- or the bony socket that protects the eye - is surrounded by the frontal, lacrimal and zygomatic bones

Answer 44

orbital region

Question 45

- is bordered dorsally by the nasal bones - laterally by the maxillae and incisive bones - ventrally by the palatine processes of the maxillae, incisive, and palatine bones.

Answer 45

nasal region

Question 46

separates the nasal | passages

Answer 46

vomer bone

Question 47

which is scroll-like that projects into | the nasal passages

Answer 47

conchae or turbinate bone

Question 48

is roofed by the maxillae and incisive | bones, and palatine bone, and ventrolateral walls by the mandible

Answer 48

oral region

Question 49

contain the teeth of the upper dental | arcade (incisive bones of ruminant lack teeth)

Answer 49

maxillae and incisive bones

Question 50

contains all the lower teeth and provides attachments for muscles for chewing and swallowing

Answer 50

mandible

Question 51

have well-developed articular processes to | accommodate the large range of motions of the neck

Answer 51

Cervical vertebrae

Question 52

The first cervical | vertebra

Answer 52

atlas

Question 53

the second cervical vertebra

Answer 53

axis

Question 54

are characterized by well-developed spinous processes | and articular facets for the ribs.

Answer 54

thoracic vertebrae

Question 55

have large, flat | transverse processes that project laterad

Answer 55

lumbar vertebrae

Question 56

are fused to | form a single wedge-shaped bone, the sacrum

Answer 56

sacral vertebrae

Question 57

single wedge-shaped bone

Answer 57

sacrum

Question 58

form | the bony basis for the tail.

Answer 58

caudal vertebrae

Question 59

forms the ventrum of the bony thorax and gives attachment to the costal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing a bony origin for the pectoral muscles

Answer 59

sternum

Question 60

cranial extremity of the sternum

Answer 60

manubrium

Question 61

middle portion of the sternum

Answer 61

body

Question 62

the caudal extremity

Answer 62

xiphoid process

Question 63

form the lateral walls of the bony thorax

Answer 63

ribs

Question 64

is relatively flat triangular | bone

Answer 64

scapula or shoulder blade

Question 65

is present in birds and primates

Answer 65

clavicle or collarbone

Question 66

forms the arm bone

Answer 66

humerus

Question 67

in mammals, radius is ____ than the ulna

Answer 67

larger

Question 68

in birds, radius is ____ than the ulna

Answer 68

smaller

Question 69

in equine and bovine, radius and ulna are ____

Answer 69

fused

Question 70

in dogs and cats, radius and ulna are ____

Answer 70

separate

Question 71

is composed of two rows of small | bones.

Answer 71

carpus

Question 72

is located distal to the carpus

Answer 72

metacarpus

Question 73

in horse, metacarpus is a ______

Answer 73

single large bone

Question 74

in ox and sheep, metacarpus is composed of _______ and also called _______

Answer 74

fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bones - cannon bone

Question 75

in pigs, it is composed of ___ bones

Answer 75

4

Question 76

digits are numbered from _____

Answer 76

1-5, depending on the species

Question 77

the proximal | phalanx in horses

Answer 77

long pastern bone

Question 78

the middle phalanx in horses

Answer 78

short pastern bone

Question 79

the distal phalanx in horses

Answer 79

coffin bone

Question 80

consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones which are fused to form the os coxae, or pelvic bone

Answer 80

pelvis

Question 81

is the largest | and most dorsal part of the pelvic cavity

Answer 81

ilium

Question 82

forms majority of the floor of the pelvic cavity

Answer 82

ischium

Question 83

is the smallest of the three and forms the cranial part of the floor of the pelvic cavity

Answer 83

pubis

Question 84

``` extends from the coxofemoral (hip) joint to the stifle (human knee) joint ```

Answer 84

femur or thigh bone

Question 85

are the bones of the true leg (crus)

Answer 85

tibia and fibula

Question 86

is composed of the multiple small bones that corresponds to the human ankle

Answer 86

tarsus or | hock

Question 87

rostral bone in swine, the soft tissue of the external nares

Answer 87

Os rostri

Question 88

``` cardiac skeleton in bovine; around the origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery at the base of the heart. ```

Answer 88

Os cordis

Question 89

- penile bone (baculum or os priapi) in the canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee - located above the male urethra, and it aids sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration.

Answer 89

Os penis