MSU-CVM Histology > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Communication, information gathering, integration, control = rapid response!

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2
Q

How is nervous tissue excitable?

A

Membrane potentials

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3
Q

Where does nervous tissue originate?

A

Neuroectodermal origin

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4
Q

How is nervous tissue similar to muscle tissue?

A
  • Can be both a tissue and a cell
  • Neuron = cell (axons = nerve fibers)
  • Tissue = neurons + supportive tissue
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5
Q

Components of nervous tissue

A
  • Endoneurium
  • Perineurium
  • Epineurium
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6
Q

Central Nervous System

A
  • Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain Stem

- Spinal cord

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7
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Cranial and spinal nerves

- Ganglion (-a)

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8
Q

Neurons

A
  • Sensory (afferent)
  • Motor (efferent)
  • Interneurons (most)
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9
Q

Neuron composition

A
  • Cell body (afferent)
  • Dendrites (afferent)
  • Axon (efferent)
  • Synaptic junction (efferent)
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10
Q

Supporting cells

A
  • Schwann cells
  • Satellite cells
  • Glial cells
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11
Q

Types of Neurons

A
  • Multipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Unipolar (aka psudounipolar)
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12
Q

Can you see nerve cells histologically?

A

No

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13
Q

Somatic

A
  • Sensory

- Motor

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14
Q

Autonomic

A

Visceral, sympathetic, parasympathetic

  • Smooth muscle (hormonal too)
  • Cardiac stimulation (+/-)
  • Glandular epithelium
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15
Q

How do you tell somatic cells from autonomic?

A

You cannot tell them apart histologically, but can determine which is which based on the location

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16
Q

Nerve cell body components

A

Typical of protein-producing cells

  • Nucleus/nucleolus
  • RER
  • Nissl bodies (substance)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi
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17
Q

Axonal hillock

A

Widened trunk leading out to a neuron

  • where nerve impulses originate
  • where depolarization occurs
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18
Q

Can you see nerve cell bodies histologically?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Processes

A

Dendrites –> receptors

  • Environment
  • Other neurons

Axons –> effectors

  • Other neurons
  • Effector structures
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20
Q

Axonal transport

A

Neurotransmitters

- Slow vs. rapid transport

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21
Q

Neurotransmitters

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Formed in nerve cell body
  • Kinesin: anterograde microtubules
  • Dynein: retrograde mictotubules
22
Q

Synapse

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Junction neuron and effector
  • Chemical or electrical gap junctions
  • Degradation or re-uptake
23
Q

Types of neurotransmitters

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Acetyl choline
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • GABA
24
Q

Nerves are ____

Study These Flashcards
A

Collections of hundreds of thousands of neurons

25
Fascicles
- Epineurium: upon the nerves (outer layer) --> can see grossly - Perineurium - Endoneurium: layer right around the axon
26
Neuroglia
Connective tissue cells that support the nerves in the CNS | - Astrocytes, Oligodendrolgia, Microglia, Ependyma
27
Astrocytes
Support, modulate activity, form scar tissue in brain after damage *principle cell type in the CNS
28
Oligodendroglia
Myelin
29
Microglia
Local phagocytes
30
Ependyma
Line the central canal in the brain and spinal cord
31
Connective cells in the PNS
- Schwann cells (make myelin) | - Satellite cells
32
Myelination
Provide insulation --> high lipid content, very little cytoplasm Allows multiple axons to run in the same fascicle and not cross signals - Schwann cells (completely wrap around the axon) and oligodendroglia
33
Unmyelinated fibers
- Slower conduction | - Still "invested" in Schwann cells --> Schwann cells still wrap around axons, but not in multiple layers
34
______ is necessary for the creation of myelin
Multiple layers of Schwann cells
35
Action potential
- Electrochemical depolarization - Axonal hillock toward synapse - Nodes of Ranvier: where a Schwann cell meets the next Schwann cell
36
Organization of CNS
- Gray matter vs. white matter - Brain - Spinal cord
37
Gray and white matter in the CNS
Gray: nerve cell bodies White: axons
38
What are the 3 components of the brain?
- Cerebrum - Cerebellum - Brain stem/ medulla oblongata
39
Meninges
- Dura mater: just underneath the skull, tightly adhered - Arachnoid mater: loose, web like space - Pia mater: innermost layer, really loose connective tissue that distributes blood vessels across the brain/spinal cord
40
Blood brain barrier
Keeps blood off of neurons - endothelium - pericyte: invest connective tissue around the vessels - astrocyte: helps to form BBB
41
Can you see the BBB histologically?
Hard to distinguish capillaries at a histological/ultrastructure level
42
Cerebrum
Higher centers - Gray matter: outer/cortical surfaces - White matter: central area/medulla
43
Gyrus
Multiple outer folds of the brain | --> gyri: one fold on the outside of the brain
44
Sulcus
Grooves separates right from left side of the brain | --> sulci: multiple grooves
45
What animals have no gyri or sulci
Avians
46
Cerebellum
- Coordination - Folia - Gray --> cortex - White --> medulla
47
Molecular layer vs granular layer
Molecular: outermost layer of the cerebellum Granular: inner layer of gray matter in the cerebellum
48
Purkinje fibers
Proms that extend from the molecular layer into the granular layer --> interneurons that communicate between layers
49
Brain stem (medulla oblongata)
Subconscious control - -> reptilian brain - -> nuclei *collections of nerve cell bodies*
50
Spinal cord
Named by vertebrae - Cortex: white matter - Medulla: gray matter - -> switch occurs in lower portion of the brain stem
MSU-CVM Histology
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