ICMP
Communication between devices to “check in”, troubleshooting
TCP
Connection orientation, handshake for sending and receiving
UDP
Connectionless, “fire and forget”
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation
Encapsulate (not encrypt) traffic inside of IP
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security
Authentication, encryption, integrity, and anti-replay for every packet
AH
Authentication Header
IKE
Internet Key Exchange
Both sides of network agree on encryption/decryption keys, making a Security Association
ESP
Encapsulation Security Payload
Encrypts packet
AH
Authentication Header
Hash of packet and shared key
Unicast
One station sending packet directly to another without any inbetween
One-to-one
Multicast
One station sending packet to multiple clients directly
One-to-many
Anycast
One station sending packet to one of many clients, like unicast
One-to-one-of-many
Broadcast
One station sending packet to all clients within a network
One-to-all