NORMAL SALINE

Question 0

PHARMACOLOGY OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 0

An isotonic crystalloid solution

Composition:
- Electrolytes (Na & Cl in a similar concentration to that of extracellular fuild)

Question 1

PRESENTATION OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 1

10 mL polyamp

500 mL and 1000 mL infusion soft pack

Question 2

ACTION OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 2

Increases the volume of the intravascular compartment

Question 3

PRIMARY EMERGENCY INDICATION FOR NORMAL SALINE

List all 5

Answer 3

1. As a replacement fluid in volume-depleted Pts
2. To expand intravascular volume in the non-cardiac, non-Hypovolaemic hypotensive Pt e.g. anaphylaxis, burns, sepsis
3. As a fluid challenge in unresponsive, non-hypovolaemic, hypotensive Pts (other than LVF) e.g. PEA; Asthma
4. Fluid for diluting and administering IV drugs
5. Fluid TKVO for IV administration of emergency drugs

Question 4

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 4

Nil of significance in the above indication

Question 5

PRECAUTIONS FOR NORMAL SALINE

Answer 5

Consider modifying factors when administering for hypovolaemia

Question 6

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 6

IV

IO

Question 7

SIDE EFFECTS OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 7

Nil of significance

Question 8

ONSET & DURATION OF NORMAL SALINE

Answer 8

IV half life:

Approximately 30 - 60 min

Question 9

DOSE & USE FOR NORMAL SALINE IN ADULTS

Answer 9

IV administration:

PEA
20mL/kg and Rx causes
-Hypoxia -Anaphylaxis -Asthma -Exsanguination -Upper airway obstruction -Tension pneumothorax

CARDIAC ARREST
TKVO
-Unconscious, Pulseless VF, VT or Asystole

HYPOVOLAEMIA
20mL/kg, if HR>100 or BP40 degrees use cool fluids if available

BURNS
% of burn X wt (kg) = volume (given over 2hr)