nucleic acids

Question 1

what is the role of DNA

Answer 1

information storage through genes

Question 2

what are the different roles of rna

Answer 2

ribosomal RNA, mRNA (transcription to translation), tRNA(converts nucleotide sequences into amino acids), noncoding RNA (nRNA)

Question 3

what are the three components of a nucleicleotide

Answer 3

nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar

Question 4

what are the double ring nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

purines

Question 5

PURE As Gold

Answer 5

purines: adenine and guanine

Question 6

what are the single ring nitrogenous bases

Answer 6

pyriminidines

Question 7

CUT the PYe

Answer 7

Pyriminidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine

Question 8

Guanine is the guy (with a dick)

Answer 8

carbonyl with amino group

Question 9

Adenine structure

Answer 9

no carbonyls but an amino

Question 10

thymine has

Answer 10

two tits and a dick (its trans! bc tautomers)

it has two carbonyls and a methy group

Question 11

uracil is PURE

Answer 11

it has two tits but no dick

two carbonyls only

Question 12

cytosine has a singular tit and dick

Answer 12

a carbonyl and an amino group

Question 13

at what carbon is the nitrogeneous base attached?

Answer 13

it is attached at the 1’ carbon, the anomeric carbon

Question 14

at what carbonis the phosphate group attached

Answer 14

on carbon 5’

Question 15

what is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside

Answer 15

a nucleoside does not have a phosphate group whereas a nucleotide does

Question 16

where is the DNA missing a hydroxyl

Answer 16

at the 2’ carbon

Question 17

what type of glycosyl bind does the pentose sugar have with the nitrogeneous base

Answer 17

it has a beta N-glycosyl bond

Question 18

where is the N-glycosyl bond on a pyriminidine

Answer 18

on the N-1

Question 19

where is the N-glycosyl bond on a purine

Answer 19

on the N-9

Question 20

how is the phosphate group linked to the sugar

Answer 20

it is linked through a phosphodiester bond on the 5’ carbon

Question 21

What is the name for the DNA nucleoside and nucleotide of adenine

Answer 21

deoxyadenosine

deoxyadenylate or deoxyadenosine 5’-monophosphate

Question 22

What is the name for the DNA nucleoside and nucleotide of guanine

Answer 22

deoxyguanosine

deoxyguanylate or deoxyguanosine 5’-monophosphate

Question 23

what is the name for the DNA nucleoside and nucleotide for thymine

Answer 23

deoxythymidine

deoxythymidylate or deoxythymidine 5’-monophosphate

Question 24

what is the name for the DNA nucleoside and nucleotide for cytosine

Answer 24

deoxycytidine

Deoxycytidylate or deoxycytidine 5’-monophosphate

Question 25

what is the name for the RNA nucleoside and nucleotide for adenine

Answer 25

adenosine adenylate or adenosine 5' monophosphate

Question 26

what is different about naming RNA nucleotides

Answer 26

remove the deoxy and just have the name

Question 27

whats the name for the RNA nucleoside and nucleotide for uracil

Answer 27

uridylate or (uridine 5'-monophosphate)

Question 28

draw the structure for inosine

Question 29

what are some common modifications of nucleotifes

Answer 29

methylation and hydroxylation

Question 30

do nucleotides have to attach to phosphates at the 5'?

Answer 30

no! they can bind at the C2, C3, and even cyclize in RNA

Question 31

what links nucleic acids

Answer 31

phosphodiester bonds between the sugars

Question 32

what is the group at the top of the nucleic acid and what is at the bottom

Answer 32

5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl

Question 33

why is DNA more stable than RNA

Answer 33

the extra hydroxyl on the RNA sugar allows the OH to act as a nucleophile which can then attack the phosphate. Since the RNA molecule is so large, it can act as a leaving group and the molecule essentially hydrolyzes itself by nucleophilic attack

Question 34

how can nucleic acids be drawn

Answer 34

p at 5' carbon and a OH at 3' carbon pA-G-C-T-A-OH