nutritional needs

Question 1

what are the nutritional needs of babies

Answer 1

• Breast milk or formula.
• No eggs before 6 months
• protein, B vitamins, zinc, sodium, chloride increase between six to 12 months.
• not too much fibre between 12 to 18 months.
• milk is important, but no cows milk, contains calcium which strengthens bones.
• iron rich food as weaned such as fish meats and eggs.
• balanced diet from 12 to 18 months.
• more vitamins are necessary between or from 12 to 18 months.

Question 2

what are the nutritional needs of children

Answer 2

• need a healthy varied diet
• 60 minutes exercise daily
• limit amount of food drinks snacks high and fat or calories
• four to six years energy requirements increase more protein or vitamins except vitamin C and D and all minerals except iron.
• 4 to 10yrs - high energy and nutrients due to rapid growth
• 7-10years - more energy and protein need more of all vitamins but thiamine (B1), C, A.

Question 3

what are the nutritional needs of teenagers

Answer 3

Higher protein requirements, iron (especially girls), calcium needs are higher and all vitamin needs are higher.

Question 4

what are the nutritional needs of adults

Answer 4

maintain and repair body tissues not for growth, lower energy needs from starchy carbohydrates.

Question 5

what are the nutritional needs for pregnant women

Answer 5

Extra folic acid, protein, low fat/salt, calcium, post-pregnancy: extra energy rich foods if breast feeding.

Question 6

what are the nutritional needs of women during menopause

Answer 6

calcium and vitamin D

Question 7

nutritional needs for girls aged 15-18

Answer 7

Energy protein B1 B3 B6 b12, C, Phosophorus, Selenium, Iodine, Iron increases.

Question 8

nutritional needs for boys 15-18

Answer 8

energy increase so do vitamin B1 B2 B3 B6 and B12, C, A. increase in all minerals especially calcium.

Question 9

nutritional needs for elderly

Answer 9

• vitamin requirements of the same got more risk or deficiency of vitamin D C and Vitamin B9.
• they need less energy as usually less active
• zinc - needed for healthy immune system
• calcium for bone growth
  may lack of Vitamin due to being a housebound so we need to eat more vitamin D and calcium.
• base meals on starchy foods, oily fish fruit and veg, contain potassium so may lower blood pressure.
• protein decreases for men put slightly increases for women.
• risk of anaemia so require iron in their diet.

Question 10

What is the definition of a lacto-vegetarian?

Answer 10

A person who does not eat meat, fish, poultry but will eat animal products e.g dairy foods.

Question 11

What deficiencies may lacto-vegetarians be at risk of?

Answer 11

Vitamin B12 and Protein. (need to introduce dishes containing beans, quorn and lentils, green leafy vegetables).

Question 12

What foods do lacto-ovo vegetarians not eat?

Answer 12

Meat and fish, poultry but can eat milk products and eggs.

Question 13

What do lacto-ovo vegetarians need to consume?

Answer 13

iron (sources such as: pulses, wholemeal bread and flour), Selenium, Vitamin B12, Omega-3.

Question 14

What foods do pescatarians not eat?

Answer 14

Meat and Poultry. They do eat fish and other animal products though.

Question 15

What foods do fruitarians not eat?

Answer 15

Animal products. Their diet consists raw and dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil.

Question 16

What foods do vegans not eat?

Answer 16

Animal products. Their diet only consists of grains, vegetables, vegetable oil, cereals, pulses, nuts, fruits and seeds.

Question 17

What foods or nutrients do vegans need to consume?

Answer 17

need calcium (brown and white bread, pulses, sesame seeds)
need protein (pulses, nuts, seeds, bread, cereal)