Obstetrics

Question 1

Which congenital malformations cause polyhydromanios [1] and oligohydromanios [1]

Answer 1

Poly: oesophageal atresia
Oligo: renal agenesis

Question 2

Someone with endometriosis has trouble with dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia. They have tried analgesia but it hasn’t worked.

What is the next step in treatment ladder? [1]

Answer 2

The combined oral contraceptive pill is licensed for the management of endometriosis to reduce or even stop menstruation in patients who are symptomatic.

Question 3

What is the first sign of puberty in boys and girls? [1]

Answer 3

Testicle enlargement occurs from age 9 years in boys and breast development begins at age 8.5 years in girls