3 rules or resonance structures
Nucleophile trends
1 When comparing the same atom a negative charge shows stronger nucleophile
2 atoms In the same period, Less electronegative or more nucleophilic
3. Nucleophilicity increases with size in a column
Good leaving groups
1.Resonance stabilized
2. Week bases
3.  neutral Leaving groups (h2O, ROH)
Bad bases
4 factors of molecular stability
Ir peak for c=o
1700
Ir peak for o-H
3200-3600
Ir peak for c=c
1650
Ir peak for C triple bond C/N
2100-2600