Opioids

Question 1

Endogenous opioids

Answer 1

enkephalins, dynorphins, beta-endorphins

Question 2

natural opioids

Answer 2

morphine: binds to opioid receptors, more potent than codeine

Question 3

codeine

Answer 3

converted to morphine in body by liver enzymes,

Question 4

semi-synthetic opioids

Answer 4

slightly altered morphine to obtain other properties

Question 5

Synthetic Opioids

Answer 5

fentanyl, loperamide, methadone

Question 6

mu

Answer 6

receptor mediate analgesia, resp depression

Question 7

kappa

Answer 7

analgesia, dysphoria, miosis

Question 8

delta

Answer 8

analgesia, modulate, emotional response

Question 9

mechanism of action

Answer 9

inhibits pain impulses, reduces neurotransmitter release, reduce emtionial reaction

Question 10

short term effects

Answer 10

analgesia, miosis, resp. depression, sedation

Question 11

Therapeutic Use

Answer 11

relief of severe pain, diarrhea treatment (loperamide), cough supression

Question 12

Misuse potential

Answer 12

yes: euphoria
inherent harmfulness: low dose no high dose yes

Question 13

Risk of Injection

Answer 13

higher risk of infection

Question 14

overdose

Answer 14

causes death, but can be treated too with nalxone and naltrexone for alcohol disorder

Question 15

SUD potential

Answer 15

tolerance: yes except pupil constriction
withdrawal: yes not life threatening
Addiction: yes

Question 16

pregnancy

Answer 16

risk of premature delivery, witthdrawal effects on infant

Question 17

Buprenorephine/naloxone

Answer 17

mu receptors, prevents withdrawal symptoms

Question 18

Methadone

Answer 18

oral, removes injection risk, lower misuse potential