Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin

Answer 1

Substance essential for the maintenance of normal metabolic functions, but is not made in the body therefore must be provided from outside sources

Question 2

Water-soluble

Answer 2

Vitamin C and eleven vitamins in the B group are water-soluble

Question 3

Fat-soluble

Answer 3

Vitamins, A, D, E, and K are fat soluble

Question 4

Vitamin supplementation reason for use

Answer 4

Need for increased nutrition, absorbance disturbances, inadequate nutritional intake

Question 5

Nutritional Approach to Vitamin therapy

Answer 5

Individuals select a diet adhering to RDA (recommended dietary allowances)

Question 6

Megavitamin Approach to Vitamin Therapy

Answer 6

Individuals ingest vitamins in excess of the RDA

Question 7

Vitamin A

Answer 7

Found in animal products such as liver, milk fat, egg yolk
Function: growth and development for normal structure especially mucous membranes and epithelial cells, and as a constituent of a complex in the eyes (rhodopsin)

Question 8

Vitamin A Uses and Effects

Answer 8

Therapeutic uses: infancy, pregnancy, lactation
Deficiency: delay of growth and development, night blindness, eye dryness, changes in cells lining the bronchioles in the lungs
Excessive Intake: itchy skin, vomiting, headache, enlarged liver and spleen

Question 10

Retinoids

Answer 10

Associated with damage to unborn children, depression, diabetes, liver disease

Question 11

Vitamin D

Answer 11

Found in meat, fish, mushrooms
Function: increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from intestine needed for new bone formation, regulates blood calcium level and removal of calcium from older bones

Question 12

Vitamin D Uses and Effects

Answer 12

Therapeutic Uses: used in prevention of osteoporosis
Deficiency: decreased absorption of calcium and phosphate from intestine and therefore decreased blood calcium level can lead to bowleggedness and rickets
Excessive Intake: removal of calcium from bone, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea impaired kidney function

Question 14

Vitamin E

Answer 14

Found in vegetable oils and leafy greens
Function: antioxidant, protects cells in cardiovascular system

Question 15

Vitamin E Uses and Effects

Answer 15

Therapeutic Uses: hemolytic anemia
Deficiency: rare, may occur in people with malabsorption syndrome
Excessive Intake: inhibits platelet aggregation and contribute to the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

Question 16

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid

Answer 16

Found mainly in meats, mushrooms, and dairy products
Function: work together to synthesis of red blood cells

Question 17

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Uses and Effects

Answer 17

Therapeutic Use: absorption decreases with age, folic acid prevents neural tube defects
Deficiency: pernicious anemia
Excessive Intake: no toxic effects

Question 18

Vitamin C

Answer 18

Found in fruits and vegetables
Function: holds cells together, required for formation of bone and teeth, functions as an antioxidant, helps absorbs iron

Question 19

Vitamin C Uses and Effects

Answer 19

Therapeutic Effects: prevention and treatment of scurvy
Deficiency: can result in scurvy
Excessive Intake: diarrhea, formation of kidney stones, rebound scurvy