Orthotics: Gait Deviations

Question 1

What can cause lateral trunk bending?

Answer 1

• KAFO medial upright too high
• insufficient shoe lift
• short leg
• Hip pain; weak hip abductors

Question 2

What can cause circumduction?

Answer 2

• Locked knee
• Excessive plantar flexion (inadequate stop, plantar flexion contractures)
• Weak hip flexors or dorsiflexors

Any of these can lead to vaulting as well

Question 3

What can cause an anterior trunk lean?

Answer 3

• Inadequate knee lock
• Weak quadriceps
• Knee flexion contractures

Question 4

What can cause a Posterior Trunk Lean?

Answer 4

• Inadequate hip lock
• Weak gluteus medius

Question 5

What can cause Knee Hyperextension?

Answer 5

• Inadequate plantar flexion stop
• inadequate knee lock
• Weak Quadriceps

Question 6

What can cause excessive knee flexion; knee instability?

Answer 6

• Inadequate dorsiflexion stop
• inadequate knee lock
• Knee or hip flexion contractures

Question 7

What can cause foot slap?

Answer 7

• Inadequate dorsiflexor assist
• inadequate plantar flexion stop
• Weal dorsiflexors

Question 8

What can cause toes first?

Answer 8

(on toe posture during stance)

• inadequate dorsiflexion assist or plantar flexion stop
• inadequate heel lift
• heel pain
• extensor spasticity

Question 9

Foot deformity that can cause “Toes First” during stance?

Answer 9

Pes Equinus

Question 10

What can cause Pronation?

Answer 10

(Excessive medial foot contact during stance)

• Valgus position of calcaneus
• Genu Valgum
• Pes Valgus
• Weak inverters

Question 11

What can cause Supination?

Answer 11

(Excessive lateral foot contact during stance)

• Varus position of calcaneus
• Weak evertors
• Pes Varus
• Genu Varum