Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests

Question 1

Parametric vs Non-Parametric: Distribution

Answer 1

Parametric: Equal
Non Parametric: Unequal Distribution

Question 2

Parametric vs Non-Parametric: Randomization

Answer 2

Parametric: Randomization of Sample
Non-Parametric: No Randomization

Question 3

Parametric vs Non-Parametric: Curve Characteristics

Answer 3

Parametric: Bell Shaped Curve: Normal Distribution
Non-Parametric: Skewed Curve

Question 4

Parametric vs Non-Parametric: Data Types

Answer 4

Parametric: Interval or Ratio
Non-Parametric: Nominal or Ordinal

Question 5

What type of research is considered to be more “powerful” parametric or non-parametric?

Answer 5

Parametric

Question 6

What is a T-Test? Parametric or Non

Answer 6

Parametric

• Compares the difference between 2 independent groups
• Equal sized groups
• Different Characteristics

e.g: 30 athletes vs 30 non-athletes

Question 7

What is a paired T-Test?

Answer 7

Compares difference between 2 matched samples

• Paired; sample characteristics are the same

e.g: Comparing 30 of the same athletes pre and post training

Question 8

Are Tailed Tests exclusive to either paired or independent t-tests?

Answer 8

No, tailed tests can be used for both types

Question 9

Why would we implement a 1 tailed test?

Answer 9

If we have an hypothesis and we are inferring/know the direction of the hypothesis/tail.

• Directional Hypothesis

e.g: comparing pre and post test, we can infer the post test scores would be better

Question 10

Why would we implement a 2 tailed test?

Answer 10

• Non-direction
• 2 ends of distribution positive or negative

Done when we cannot assume which group would be better or worse based on our hypothesis

Question 11

When would we use an ANOVA?

Answer 11

When we have greater than 2 groups with equal sample size in each group

• Parametric

Question 12

When to use a One Way Anova

Answer 12

More than 2 independent groups compared on 1 intervention/variable

e.g Comparing 30 Gymnasts to 30 Football players to 30 baseball players with an exercise

Question 13

When to use a 2-Way ANOVA

Answer 13

More than 2 independent groups compared on 2 interventions/variables

e.g Comparing 30 Gymnasts to 30 Football players to 30 baseball players with an exercise and gender

Question 14

When to use a repeated measures ANOVA?

Answer 14

When we are trying to measure individuals over time

• Repeatedly looking at the same group
• At baseline
• 2 weeks
• 4 weeks

Question 15

What is an ANCOVA?

Answer 15

Comparing more than 2 groups while controlling for covariance.

• Trying to control this to eliminate bias
• Eliminated the covariance

Question 16

What is covariance?

Answer 16

A variable that has the potential to strongly influence the results

Question 17

What is a Chi-Squared Test? Type of Data it used?

Answer 17

• Non-Parametric
• Nominal or Ordinal
• Trying to find the difference between two groups that are mutually exclusive to each other

Question 18

Type of data used in a Mann-Whitney U?

Answer 18

Continuous or Ordinal Data, to test the null hypothesis with 2 independent samples from the same population

Question 19

When is a Kruskal Wallis Test used?

Answer 19

• Non-Parametric
• compares 3 or more groups

Similar to an ANOVA

Question 20

An unpaired/independent T-Test is similar to what type of non-parametric test?

Answer 20

Mann-Whitney U

Question 21

A Paired/dependent-T test is similar to what type of non-parametric test?

Answer 21

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

Question 22

An ANOVA is similar to what type of non-parametric test?

Answer 22

Kruskal Wallis Test

Question 23

The Pearson Product Correlation is similar to what type of non-parametric correlation?

Answer 23

Spearman Rho Correlation