Packet 11 - Renal Function

Question 1

Nephron - Vascular Component

Receives blood from branches of renal artery, supplies blood to glomerulus.

a. ) Afferent arteriole
b. ) Glomerulus
c. ) Efferent arteriole
d. ) Peritubular capillary network
e. ) Vasa recta

Answer 1

a.) Afferent arteriole

Receives blood from branches of renal artery, supplies blood to glomerulus.

Question 2

Nephron - Vascular Component

Long, looping capillaries near kidney medulla, important in concentrating urine. Blood then enters venous circulation via renal veins.

a. ) Afferent arteriole
b. ) Glomerulus
c. ) Efferent arteriole
d. ) Peritubular capillary network
e. ) Vasa recta

Answer 2

e.) Vasa recta

Long, looping capillaries near kidney medulla, important in concentrating urine. Blood then enters venous circulation via renal veins.

Question 3

Nephron - Vascular Component

Surrounds tubule, allowing for movement of water and solutes between blood and urine filtrate.

a. ) Afferent arteriole
b. ) Glomerulus
c. ) Efferent arteriole
d. ) Peritubular capillary network
e. ) Vasa recta

Answer 3

d.) Peritubular capillary network

Surrounds tubule, allowing for movement of water and solutes between blood and urine filtrate.

Question 4

Nephron - Vascular Component

Capillary bed from which fluid and substances are filtered to form urine filtrate (that collects in Bowman’s capsule).

a. ) Afferent arteriole
b. ) Glomerulus
c. ) Efferent arteriole
d. ) Peritubular capillary network
e. ) Vasa recta

Answer 4

b.) Glomerulus

Capillary bed from which fluid and substances are filtered to form urine filtrate (that collects in Bowman’s capsule).

Content of filtrate determined largely by integrity of the glomerular basement membrane.

Question 5

Nephron - Vascular Component

Selectively constricts/dilates to regulate blood flow/pressure within glomerulus, which, along with arterial BP, determines GFR (normally around 125 ml filtrate formed per minute).

a. ) Afferent arteriole
b. ) Glomerulus
c. ) Efferent arteriole
d. ) Peritubular capillary network
e. ) Vasa recta

Answer 5

c.) Efferent arteriole

Along with efferent arteriole, selectively constricts/dilates to regulate blood flow/pressure within glomerulus, which, along with arterial BP, determines GFR (normally around 125 ml filtrate formed per minute).

Question 6

Nephron - Tubular Component

Permeable to solutes only.

• Produces dilution of urine filtrate.
• Generates high osmolarity gradient in medulla for fine-tuning of water reabsorption from collecting tubes.

a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
b. ) Descending limb of Loop of Henle
c. ) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
d. ) Distal convoluted tubule
e. ) Collecting tubule

Answer 6

c.) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle

Permeable to solutes only.

• Produces dilution of urine filtrate.
• Generates high osmolarity gradient in medulla for fine-tuning of water reabsorption from collecting tubes.

Question 7

Nephron - Tubular Component

Empties into renal calyces/pelvis.

• Site of ADH’s action (fine-tunes concentration of urine).
  a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
  b. ) Descending limb of Loop of Henle
  c. ) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
  d. ) Distal convoluted tubule
  e. ) Collecting tubule

Answer 7

e.) Collecting tubule

Empties into renal calyces/pelvis.

• Site of ADH’s action (fine-tunes concentration of urine).

Question 8

Nephron - Tubular Component

Permeable to both water and solutes.

• Produces dilution of urine filtrate.
• Generates high osmolarity gradient in medulla for fine-tuning of water reabsorption from collecting tubes.

a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
b. ) Descending limb of Loop of Henle
c. ) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
d. ) Distal convoluted tubule
e. ) Collecting tubule

Answer 8

b.) Descending limb of Loop of Henle

Permeable to both water and solutes.

• Produces dilution of urine filtrate.
• Generates high osmolarity gradient in medulla for fine-tuning of water reabsorption from collecting tubes.

Question 9

Nephron - Tubular Component

a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
b. ) Descending limb of Loop of Henle
c. ) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
d. ) Distal convoluted tubule
e. ) Collecting tubule

Answer 9

d.) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Nephron - Tubular Component

Extends from Bowman’s capsule.

• Reabsorbs nutritionally important substances.
• Reabsorbs large amount of electrolytes.
• Water passively follows.

a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
b. ) Descending limb of Loop of Henle
c. ) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
d. ) Distal convoluted tubule
e. ) Collecting tubule

Answer 10

a.) Proximal convoluted tubule

Extends from Bowman’s capsule.

• Reabsorbs nutritionally important substances.
• Reabsorbs large amount of electrolytes.
  
  • Water passively follows.

Question 11

Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

Regulation through sympathetic nervous system. Helps regulate constriction/dilation of afferent and efferent arterioles →

• Adjusts blood flow to keep GFR relatively constant.
• Helps lower urine output and maintain BP during shock states.

a. ) Neural control mechanism
b. ) Humoral control mechanism
c. ) Autoregulation

Answer 11

a.) Neural control mechanism

Regulation through sympathetic nervous system. Helps regulate constriction/dilation of afferent and efferent arterioles →

• Adjusts blood flow to keep GFR relatively constant.
• Helps lower urine output and maintain BP during shock states.

Question 12

Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

Regulation through substances that cause constriction or dilation of renal vessels (ex. angiotensin II, dopamine, prostaglandins, etc.).

a. ) Neural control mechanism
b. ) Humoral control mechanism
c. ) Autoregulation

Answer 12

b.) Humoral control mechanism

Regulation through substances that cause constriction or dilation of renal vessels (ex. angiotensin II, dopamine, prostaglandins, etc.).

Hormones affect whether 2 areteries constrict or dilate

Question 13

Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

Regulation through specialized cells in the kidney called the juxtaglomerular complex. Regulates synthesis/release of renin based on feedback (i.e. blood pressure in afferent arteriole).

a. ) Neural control mechanism
b. ) Humoral control mechanism
c. ) Autoregulation

Answer 13

c.) Autoregulation

Regulation through specialized cells in the kidney called the juxtaglomerular complex.

Regulates synthesis/release of renin based on feedback (i.e. blood pressure in afferent arteriole).

Monitors composition of fluid in distal tubule