Patho. Chp. 17

Question 1

=Iron-deficiency anemia definition

Answer 1

A type of anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin production.

Question 2

Most common cause of anemia worldwide

Answer 2

Iron deficiency.

Question 3

Anemia definition

Answer 3

Reduced number of circulating RBCs and decreased hemoglobin.

Question 4

Primary problem in iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 4

Inadequate iron supply for RBC development.

Question 5

Role of iron in the body

Answer 5

Hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, enzyme function.

Question 6

Where iron is stored

Answer 6

Ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin.

Question 7

Where iron is absorbed

Answer 7

Small intestine.

Question 8

Main causes of iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 8

Inadequate intake, chronic blood loss, malabsorption, increased demand.

Question 9

Common source of chronic blood loss

Answer 9

Menstruation or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 10

Populations with increased iron demand

Answer 10

Infants, adolescents, pregnant or lactating women.

Question 11

Medication that decreases iron absorption

Answer 11

Antacids.

Question 12

Type of anemia in iron deficiency

Answer 12

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

Question 13

Meaning of microcytic

Answer 13

Small red blood cells.

Question 14

Meaning of hypochromic

Answer 14

Pale red blood cells due to low hemoglobin.

Question 15

Term for irregular RBC shape

Answer 15

Poikilocytosis.

Question 16

Early symptoms

Answer 16

Fatigue, weakness, pallor.

Question 17

Cardiovascular symptoms

Answer 17

Tachycardia, palpitations, shortness of breath.

Question 18

Neurologic symptoms

Answer 18

Lightheadedness, headache, syncope.

Question 19

Skin and epithelial changes

Answer 19

Brittle hair, brittle nails, mouth sores.

Question 20

Pica definition

Answer 20

Craving non-food substances.

Question 21

Pagophagia

Answer 21

Craving or chewing ice.

Question 22

Reason symptoms occur

Answer 22

Reduced oxygen delivery (tissue hypoxia).

Question 23

Initial lab findings

Answer 23

Low hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Question 24

MCV finding in iron deficiency

Answer 24

Low.

Question 25

MCHC finding in iron deficiency

Answer 25

Low.

Question 26

Key confirmatory test for iron deficiency

Answer 26

Low serum ferritin.

Question 27

Serum iron level

Answer 27

Low.

Question 28

Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Answer 28

High.

Question 29

Transferrin saturation

Answer 29

Low.

Question 30

Why ferritin is important

Answer 30

It reflects iron stores.

Question 31

Additional evaluation needed when

Answer 31

Anemia does not respond to treatment.

Question 32

Factors affecting hemoglobin levels

Answer 32

Age, sex, pregnancy, altitude.

Question 33

Treatment goal

Answer 33

Correct iron deficiency and treat underlying cause.

Question 34

First-line treatment

Answer 34

Oral iron supplements.

Question 35

How to improve iron absorption

Answer 35

Take with vitamin C.

Question 36

When parenteral iron is used

Answer 36

Oral iron not tolerated or ineffective.

Question 37

Dietary sources of iron

Answer 37

Red meat, leafy greens, legumes, fortified cereals.

Question 38

Treatment for anemia due to bleeding

Answer 38

Stop bleeding source and possibly transfuse.

Question 39

NCLEX clue for iron deficiency

Answer 39

Pica or pagophagia.

Question 40

Memory tip for iron deficiency

Answer 40

Microcytic + hypochromic = think iron deficiency.