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Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

The disease that closely resembles tuberculosis both clinically and histologically is
a. Osteomyelitis
b. Nasopharyngitis
c. Erysipelas
d. Histoplasmosis

A

D

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2
Q
  1. All of the following are complications that may occur as a result of a fracture EXCEPT:
    a. Infection
    b. Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
    c. Crush syndrome
    d. Fat embolism
A

C

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3
Q
  1. A malignant neoplasm of glandular epithelium is
    a. Adenoma
    b. Adenocarcinoma
    c. Papilloma
    d. Basal cell carcinoma
A

B

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following neoplasms is malignant?
    a. Fibroma
    b. Chondroma
    c. Osteoma
    d. Neuroblastoma
A

D

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5
Q
  1. A change from columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium may occur in chronic
    inflammations or vitamin A deficiency; this is called:
    a. Metaplasia
    b. Anaplasia
    c. Neoplasia
    d. Hyperplasia
A

A

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6
Q
  1. A condition in which the loss of cellular and organizational differentiation tends to
    parallel the degree of malignancy is
    a. Metaplasia
    b. Anaplasia
    c. Neoplasia
    d. Hyperplasia
A

B

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7
Q
  1. The vitamin essential or important in callus production in fracture repair is
    a. Vitamin A
    b. Vitamin C
    c. Vitamin B1
    d. Vitamin B12
A

B

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following factors are pathogenetic of the edema resulting from congestive
    heart failure?
    a. Decreased cardiac output
    b. Increased blood supply to various organs and tissues
    c. Increased excretion of sodium by the kidneys
    d. Decreased blood volume and elevated venous pressure
A

A

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9
Q

A megaloblastic anemia that results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 is known as
a. Normocytic anemia
b. Macrocytic anemia
c. Microcytic anemia
d. Pernicious anemia

A

D

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10
Q
  1. The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following EXCEPT
    a. Bone marrow
    b. Thymus
    c. Liver
    d. Spleen
A

C

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11
Q
  1. All of the following are features of basophils EXCEPT
    a. Common with most cells in connective tissue
    b. Have cytoplasmic granules
    c. Present in large numbers in exudate
    d. Contain histamine and heparin
A

C

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12
Q
  1. In congestive heart disease, which of the following organs is most seriously affected
    due to the decreased blood supply that ensues?
    a. Lungs
    b. Kidneys
    c. Intestines
    d. Brain
A

B

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13
Q
  1. All of the following properties are generally associated with immunological reaction
    EXCEPT
    A. Memory
    b. Self-recognition
    c. Specificity
    d. Forgetfulness
A

D

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14
Q
  1. A hemorrhagic condition in which the hemorrhages are small and punctate is referred
    to as
    a. Purpura
    b. Melena
    c. Ecchymosis
    d. Petechiae
A

B

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15
Q
  1. A hemorrhage that is discrete and localized within a tissue is referred to as a
    a. Hematoma
    b. Hematuria c. Hemoptysis
    d. Hematemesis
A

A

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16
Q
  1. In differentiating diabetes mellitus from diabetes insipidus, the latter condition
    a. Is closely related to the former
    b. Is associated with pituitary disease
    c. Results from insulin deficiency
    d. Is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
A

B

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17
Q
  1. Avitaminosis A or vitamin A deficiency in the diet leads to
    a. Peripheral neuritis, a widespread edema, and myocardial weakness
    b. Development of pernicious anemia
    c. A decrease in the integrity of the endothelial lining of capillaries leading to
    petechiae throughout the body
    d. A degeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory and digestive tracts and
    certain glands
A

D

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18
Q
  1. An upset in the mechanisms controlling fluid balance of a tissue produces edema. The
    basic cause of edema is
    a. An increase in the permeability of the capillary endothelium
    b. Decreased capillary blood pressure
    c. Increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
    d. Increased extravascular tissue pressure
A

A

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19
Q
  1. The condition of uremia results from renal insufficiency. Characteristics of this
    condition are
    a. Anemia
    b. High blood urea levels
    c. High creatinine levels
    d. Low nonprotein nitrogen levels
A

A

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20
Q
  1. Differentiate between heat stroke and heat exhaustion. The foremer condition is one in
    which
    a. A high temperature overwhelms the body’s temperature
    b. The skin is tepid
    c. The skin is cold and clammy
    d. The oral temperature is low
A

A

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21
Q

21.Inflammation is a local reaction in which the body attempts to remove some irritant that
has been introduced into the tissues. This reaction or process may be caused by
a. Trauma, even though no bacteria are present
b. Acute infections resulting from the presence of bacteria
c. Frostbite
d. All of the above

A

D

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22
Q
  1. Active hyperemia refers to an increased flow of arterial blood to a part as a result of
    arteriolar dilatation produced by
    a. Nervous stimuli
    b. Defective cardiac action
    c. Pressure of tumor mass
    d. Thrombosis of a vein
A

A

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23
Q
  1. Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
    a. Lack of coagulation
    b. Lack of liquefaction
    c. Lack of caseation
    d. Gangrene
A

D

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24
Q
  1. The characteristic cell type involved in a chronic inflammatory process is the
    a. Eosinophil
    b. Lymphocyte
    c. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
    d. Mast cell
A

B

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25
25. The principal types of inflammatory processes are acute, chronic, and granulomatous. A granulomatous inflammation is a. A subvariety of an acute process b. A subvariety of a chronic process c. The result of trauma to bone d. The result of trauma to soft tissue
B
26
26. The symptoms of pulmonary infarction are characterized by a. A sudden sharp chest pain b. Hemoptysis c. Tachycardia and dyspnea d. All of the above
D
27
27.In differentiating an organic disease from a functional disease, the lesions distinguishing an organic disease a. May be microscopically observable b. May be a temporary disturbance of function c. May be symptomatic in the early stages d. Always produce symptoms
A
28
28. An acute bacterial infection that is not dependent upon the presence of organisms in the blood is termed a a. Bacteremia b. Septicemia c. Pyemia d. Toxemia
D
29
29. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart is associated with a. Mitral stenosis b. Hypotension c. Pulmonary stenosis d. Aortic stenosis
D
30
30.In differentiating a coup injury from a countercoup injury to the brain, the latter is a. A type of contusion occurring directly beneath the area of impact b. A type of contusion occurring directly opposite the point of impact c. The result of a moving object that strikes the skull d. The result of a crush syndrome
B
31
31. In differentiating an active hyperemia (or congestion) from a passive congestion, a passive congestion a. Causes decreased circulation to a tissue or part a b. Causes an increased flow of arterial blood to a tissue or part c. Leads to a decreased metabolic activity of the tissue or part d. Is the result of an acute inflammatory process
D
32
32. In differentiating between infectious hepatitis and serum hepatitis, the latter a. Is acquired through the gastrointestinal tract b. Is transmitted to the host via transfusion c. Produces no liver changes d. Has a shorted incubation period
B
33
33. One of the many complications occurring as a result of a fracture is Volkmann's ischemic contracture. This condition a. May occur after a fracture is sustained in the upper extremity b. Is caused by an interference of the nerve supply because of the cast c. Is the result of a deficient arterial blood supply d. Is caused by an interference with the venous return
D
34
34. The neuroglia responsible for gliosis (filling the cranial defect resulting from trauma or infection) are a. Microglia b. Oligodendroglia c. Astrocytes d. Macrophages
C
35
35. Which of the following neoplasms are benign? a. Fibrosarcoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Microglia d. Hemangioma
D
36
36. Anemia characterized by a decrease in erythrocytes due to hemorrhage is a. Macrocytic anemia b. Hypochromic anemia c. Microcytic anemia d. Normocytic anemia
D
37
37. Which of the following conditions affect the lipoid structures of the body? a. Wallerian degeneration b. Fat necrosis c. Intestinal lipodystrophy d. Hyaline degeneration
A
38
38. Anemia characterized by a decreased concentration of hemoglobin is a. Macrocytic anemia b. Hypochromic anemia c. Microcytic anemia d. Normocytic anemia
B
39
39. Which of the following are NOT normal breakdown products of hemoglobin? a. Hemosiderin b. Hemetoidin c. Bilirubin d. Hematin
D
40
40. The clinical picture of right ventricular hypertrophy in congestive heart failure does NOT include which of the following? a. Cyanosis b. Ascites c. Edema of lower extremities d. Dyspnea
D
41
41. A cardiovascular disorder that causes hypertrophy of the left ventricle is a. Pulmonary hypertension b. Systemic hypotension c. Stenosis of the mitral valves d. Stenosis of the aortic valves
D
42
42. Which of the following clinical features of congestive heart failure would NOT be attributable to right ventricular failure? a. Peripheral edema (lower extremities, abdomen) b. Congestion of liver c. Increase in venous pressure d. Pulmonary edema
A
43
43. Which of the following factors are related to diabetes mellitus? a. Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism b. Associated with pituitary disease c. Obesity is not a common feature d. Hypoglycemia is present
A
44
44. Epithelioid cells are common to all of the following EXCEPT a. Common component of granulomatous inflammation b. Walls off agents the body is not c. Are altered macrophages d. Are altered epithelial cells
D
45
45. All of the following are examples of humoral immunity EXCEPT a. Antibody-mediated b. Mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes c. B lymphocytes involved d. Induced by protein molecules
B
46
46. Which of the following results are caused by a passive congestion to a tissue or part? a. Increased circulation b. Increased metabolism c. Increased oxygen supply d. Increased capillary permeability
D
47
47. Which of the following is an example of cellular immunity? a. Antibody-mediated b. Anaphylactic shoch after injection c. Response probably immediate d. Positive tuberculin skin test
D
48
48. Bronchiectasis may affect either a local area of the lungs or it may be generalized. It a. Affets the lower lobes more commonly than the upper lobes b. Affects the right lung more frequently than the left c. Is a chronic bronchitis d. Condition
A
49
49. The most frequent involvement for myocardial infarction is in the a. Right ventricle b. Left ventricle c. Right atrium d. Left atrium
B
50
50. The most common type of intracranial bleeding due to trauma associated with the head is a. Subdural hemorrhage b. Subarachnoid hemorrhage c. Intercranial d. Extracranial
B
51
51. The most common cause of cerebral vascular accidents (stroke) is a. Thrombosis b. Hemorrhage c. Aneurysm d. Neoplasms
A
52
52. All of the following account for increases in blood vessel diameter and permeability EXCEPT a. Histamine b. Plasma kinins c. Corticosteroids d. Prostaglandins
C
53
53. An antibody that can enhance phagocytosis and macrophages is a. Hapten b. Opsonin c. Agglutinin d. Precipitin
B
54
54. A diet deficient in vitamin B2, riboflavin, causes a. Beriberi b. Scurvy c. Cheilosis and eye lesions d. Pernicious anemia
C
55
55. In the process of coagulation, or clotting of blood, the platelets a. Liberate thromboplastin, which neutralizes heparin b. Activate thrombin from prothombin c. Change fibrinogen to fibrin d. enter into the reaction with calcium salts and prothrombin to form fibrinogen
A
56
56. an acute infectious process characterized by inflammation of the lymphatics of the skin is a. impetigo b. erysipelas c. Frolich's syndrome d. Sarcoidosis
B
57
57.In an inflammatory process, the body's first line of defense - the first type of white blood cell to collect outside of blood vessels - is the A. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte b. MONOCYTE c. Lymphocyte d. Polymorphonuclear eosinophil
A
58
58. The principal ion of extracellular fluids is a. Potassium b. Phosphate c. Sodium d. Chloride
C
59
59. As a result of disease. fluid may be formed in the pleural cavities. This fluid a. May form as the result of an inflammation and is called a transudate b. May result from back pressure in the veins and capillaries and is called an exudate c. Comes from blood vessels, whether it is an exudate or transudate d. Is thin and watery in empyema
C
60
60. The most chronic disease of the lungs is a. Pulmonary tuberculosis b. Emphysema c. Asthma d. Bronchiectasis
B
61
61. All of the following are favorable conditions for a thrombosis EXCEPT a. VENOUS STASIS b. Increased blood platelets for a thrombosis c. Rough vessel lining d. Decreased viscosity of the blood
D
62
62. A disease involving the aorta and its large branches is called a. Monckeberg's sclerosis b. Arteriolosclerosis c. Atherosclerosis d. Arteriosclerosis
C
63
63. A patient who is a weight-lifter has increased the size of the deltoid, biceps, and triceps muscles. This increase is known as a. Hyperplasia b. Hypertrophy c. Hypotrophy d. Hypermobility
B
64
64. An individual with spontaneous attacks of wheezing and dyspnea is otherwise usually free of these symptoms. This patient very likely has a. Chronic bronchitis b. Acute bronchitis c. Bronchial asthma d. Pulmonary emphysema
C
65
65. A pulmonary patient states he has a daily cough and increased sputum over the past few years. You would suspect this patient to have a. Acute bronchitis b. Chronic bronchitis c. Pulmonary emphysema d. Bronchial asthma
B
66
66. An individual states he becomes short of breath and wheezes when he runs, mows the lown, or does other heavy work. What disease is he demonstrating? a. Bronchial asthma b. Chronic bronchitis c. Pulmonary emphysema d. Acute bronchitis
C
67
67. All of the following are manifestations of atopic dermatitis EXCEPT a. Bronchial asthma b. Allergic eczematous c. Allergic rhinitis d. Hay fever
B
68
68. All of the following are sites of metastasis of Hodgkin's disease EXCEPT a. Lymph nodes b. Liver c. Spleen d. Lungs
D
69
69. All of the following are reactions caused by leukemia EXCEPT a. Growth of cells in abnormal areas b. Destruction of bone marrow c. Production of abnormal protein d. Increased metabolic rate
C
70
70. Hemophilia is usually transmitted from an affected male through which member of his family? a. Son b. Daughter c. Grandson d. Granddaughter
B
71
71. Following cell injury by a pathogenic bacteria, what reaction can be expected in the host? a. Death reaction b. A necrotic reaction c. A sterile reaction d. An acute inflammatory reaction
D
72
72. All of the following cells are capable of regenerating following necrosis EXCEPT a. Myocardial b. Epithelial c. Lymphoid d. Neurons
D
73
73. When comparing healing by first intention to healing by secondary intention, one would expect all of the following to occur EXCEPT a. Less scarring b. Greater amount of exudate c. Process to be completed in a longer time d. More granulation tissue
A
74
74. In evaluating an acute inflammation, which of the following signs would be present? a. Calor b. Rigor c. Algor d. Algae
A
75
75. Increased vascular permeability as a result of inflammation includes which of the following? a. Heat b. Coolness c. Swelling d. Redness
C
76
76. All of the following are systemic manifestations associated with inflammation EXCEPT a. Leukocytosis b. Malaise c. Fever d. Agranulocytosis
D
77
77. In chronic inflammation, which of the following cells are LEAST likely to be found in large members? a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Fibroblasts d. Macrophages
B
78
78. All of the following statements apply to cystic fibrosis EXCEPT a. It is a familial disease, the defect transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene b. It results in a mucoviscidosis of the glands of the trachea and bronchi only c. It involves the pancreas d. It may eventually involve the liver, resulting in cirrhosis
B
79
79. Which of the following conditions may lead to renal failure due to anoxic necrosis? a. Shock b. Trauma c. Incompatible blood transfusion d. All of the above
D
80
Anoxia, Scurvy (avitaminosis C), Avitaminosis K, Certain poisons and bacterial toxins Which is common to the items above? a. dehydration b. edema c. hemorrhage d. shock
c. hemorrhage
81
Hemophilia, Afibrinogenemia, Hypoprothrombinemia, Thrombocytopenic purpura Which is common to the items above? a. Congestion b. Infarction c. Transudate d. Hemorragic diathesis
d. Hemorragic diathesis
82
Heat, Swelling, Pain, Redness Which is common to the items above? a. Increased sensitivity in a local area b. A local reaction caused by leukocytosis c. A vascular change indicating an increased d. Clinical picture of inflammation
d. Clinical picture of inflammation
83
Epistaxis, Hematometra, Hematuria, Melena Which is common to the items above? a. Edema b. Hemorrhage c. Shock d. Exudate
b. Hemorrhage
84
Aschoff bodies, Sore throat, Joint pain & swelling, Streptococcus infection Which is common to the items above? a. Boeck's sarcoid b. Polycythemia vera c. Hirschsprung's disease d. Rheumatic fever
d. Rheumatic fever
85
Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Orthopnea, Cough Which is common to the items above? a. Edema of the whole body b. Edema on pleural spaces c. Edema on pericardial sac d. Edema on lungs
d. Edema on lungs
86
A portion or all of a lung that is collapsed and airless a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
d. Atelectasis
87
Conditions in which pathological changes occur in lung tissue as a result of particulate matter being inhaled a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
f. Pneumoconiosis
88
Characterized by paroxysmal episodes of dyspnea and difficulty in expiration a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
a. Asthma
89
Overdistention of alveolar spaces a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
c. Emphysema
90
Bronchial dilation associated frequently with suppuration a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
b. Bronchioectasis
91
Condition of newborn infants a. Asthma b. Bronchiectasis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Hyaline membrane disease f. Pneumoconiosis
e. Hyaline membrane disease
92
A physiological closure of vessels as, for instance, the arteries of the uterus following menopause; the ductus arteriosus following birth a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
c. Endarteritis disease
93
Angioplastic disorder affecting fingers a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
b. Raynaud's disease
94
Coagulation of blood in normal veins a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
e. Phlebothrombosis
95
Involves arteries and veins of lower extremities leading to inflammation, venous thrombosis, and ischemia of feet a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
a. Thromboangitis obliterans
96
Thrombosis of a vein secondary to an inflammation a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
f. Thrombophlebitis
97
Inflammatory disorder affecting medium-sized arteries, usually in conjunction with a hypersensitivity reaction a. Thromboangitis obliterans b. Raynaud's disease c. Endarteritis disease d. Polyarteritis disease e. Phlebothrombosis f. Thrombophlebitis
d. Polyarteritis disease
98
Anoxia, Anaphylaxis, Burns, Injuries Which is common to the items above? a. Edema b. Shock c. Epistaxis d. Syncope
b. Shock
99
A skin lesion with a firm, sharply circumscribed plateau a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
g. wheal
100
Flat lesion; may be red or brown a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
c. macule
101
Large blister a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
a. bulla
102
Formation of gallstones in the biliary tract A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
B. Cholelithiasis
103
Inflammation of the gallbladder A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
A. Cholecystitis
104
Incomplete development of a part or organ A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
C. Hypoplasia
105
Reduction in the size of a structure A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
F. Atrophy
106
Failure of development of a part or organ A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
B. Aplasia
107
The complete lack of an organ or part due to the failure of development of the anlage of the organ or part A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
A. Agenesis
108
Increase in size of individual cells or fibers resulting in organ enlargement A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
E. Hypertrophy
109
An increase in the number of cells of a part or structure A. Agenesis B. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia D. Hyperplasia E. Hypertrophy F. Atrophy
D. Hyperplasia
110
Decreased urine production A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
C. Oliguria
111
Increase in the volume of the urine A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
F. Diuresis
112
Failure of kidneys to produce urine A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
D. Anuria
113
Presence of erythrocytes in the urine A. Cholecystitis B. Cholelithiasis C. Oliguria D. Anuria E. Hematuria F. Diuresis
E. Hematuria
114
A raised skin lesion a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
b. keratosis
115
Elevated, rough, warty lesion a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
e. verruca
116
Localized, scaly thickened skin a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
b. keratosis
117
Small blister a. bulla b. keratosis c. macule d. papule e. verruca f. vesicle g. wheal
f. vesicle
118
Polyarteritis nodosa, Disseminated lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis Which is common to the items above? a. Collagen vascular diseases b. Acute bacterial diseases c. Infectious granulomas d. Circulatory disorders
a. Collagen vascular diseases
119
Platelets, Fibrin, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes Which is common to the items above? a. Atherosclerosis b. Hypoxic Nephrosis c. Petechiae d. Thrombosis
d. Thrombosis
120
Atherosclerosis, Purpuras, Leukemia, Ulceration of blood vessel walls Which is common to the items above? a. Edema b. Hemorrhage c. Congestion d. Hyperemia
b. Hemorrhage
REMBE
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