1
Q
Aschoff Bodies seen in
A
Rheumatic Fever
2
Q
Hirano body seen in
A
Alzheimers Disease
3
Q
Asbestos HPE Finding
A
Ferruginous Body
4
Q
Asthma HPE finding
A
- Charcot layden crystal
- Curshmann spiral
- Creola body
5
Q
Bunina bodies seen in
A
ALS
6
Q
Lichen Planus HPE Finding
A
Civatte Bodies
7
Q
Asteroid Body Seen in
A
- Sarcoidosis
- Sporothrix
8
Q
Sarcoidosis HPE
A
- Asteroid Body
- Schumann Body
9
Q
Multiple Myeloma HPE Findings
A
- Russel Body (Intra cytoplasmic)
- Dutcher body (Intra nuclear)
10
Q
Yolk sac HPE
A
Schiller Duval body
11
Q
CD Markers for GIST
A
CD117 (c-KIT), CD34
12
Q
CD marker for Ewing Sarcoma
A
CD99
13
Q
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma key CD markers & associations
A
CD15+, CD30+;
Reed–Sternberg cells (classical HL);
14
Q
Non classical - Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma markers
A
CD 20+ and CD 45+
15
Q
Follicular lymphoma CD marker
A
CD 10
16
Q
Hairy Cell Leukemia — key markers
A
CD 103, 11c and CD 25
TRAP positive;
Annexin A1 positive.
17
Q
Apoptosis markers?
A
A: CD95, Annexin V
18
Q
Granulocyte tumor CD marker?
A
CD 99
19
Q
CLL - key CD markers & important note
A
CD5+, CD23+, CD200+;
20
Q
Mantle Cell Lymphoma — key markers & genetics
A
CD5+, CD23–; Cyclin D1 positive; t(11;14).
21
Q
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis — key markers
A
CD1a+, CD207+ and S-100+.
22
Q
Mycosis Fungoides — key marker & note
A
CD4+; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
23
Q
CD18 identity & disease association
A
β2-integrin subunit (LFA-1); defect → Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1 (delayed umbilical cord separation).
24
Q
CD55 and CD 59 function & disease
A
Complement inhibitor; deficiency → Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH).
25
CD40 Ligand (CD154) — function & disease
T-helper costimulatory ligand; defect → Hyper-IgM syndrome (class switching defect).
26
CD28 — function
T-cell costimulation receptor; binds B7 (CD80/86) on APCs for T-cell activation.
27
CD95 (Fas) — function
Apoptosis receptor involved in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
28
Hematopoietic Stem Cells — marker
CD34 — marker for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
29
T cells (pan-T) marker
CD3
30
Helper T cells marker & functions
CD4 — binds MHC II; receptor for HIV.
31
Cytotoxic T cells marker & function
CD8 — binds MHC I.
32
Regulatory T cells (Treg) markers & transcription factor
CD4+, CD25+; also express FOXP3.
33
NK cells markers & function
CD16, CD56;CD94
34
CD21 role
Receptor for Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV).
35
CD20 clinical relevance
Therapeutic target of Rituximab.
36
CD45 role
leukocyte common antigen marker
37
T regulatory (Treg) cells express which CD marker?
CD25
Note: Age 25 needs suppression
38
Myeloid lineage markers?
CD13, CD33
Note: MIS3
39
Plasma cell marker?
CD 38
40
Megakaryocyte CD markers?
CD 41,42, 61
41
Memory T cells express which CD marker
CD 45 RO
42
Pan B-cell marker
CD19
43
Monocyte/Macrophage marker
CD 14
44
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome marker
CD 43
45
IL-2 receptor alpha is which CD marker
CD25 - Daculizumab
46
Features of Daclizumab
Previously used for multiple sclerosis; discontinued due to autoimmune encephalitis
47
LAD 1 (Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1)
Mutation in CD18 subunit of β2 Integrin
C/F - Delayed separation of umbilical cord and Absent pus
48
LAD 2 (Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 2)
Absence of Sialyl Lewis X
Associated with Bombay Blood Group.
49
Example of Emperipolesis
Rosai Dorfman Disease
50
Good Prognosis AML Genes and Types
t(8;21) - AML M2
t(15;17) - AML M3
inv(16) - AML M4
51
AML association - AML M3
DIC
Faggot Cells
52
AML association - AML M2
Chloroma
53
AML association - AML M5
Gum Hypertrophy
54
AML association - AML M7
Down Syndrome
Dry Tap
55
Causes of Cutis Aplasia
Patau Syndrome
Methimazole
56
Cornea guttata seen in
Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
57
Stargardts Disease Specular microscopy appearance
“Beaten bronze” appearance.
58
Foster–Fuchs spots seen in
Pathological myopia (>6 D).
59
Dalen–Fuchs nodules seen in
Sympathetic ophthalmia.
60
Dalen–Fuchs nodules — location
Between RPE and Bruch’s membrane.
61
Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis
C/F
A form of unilateral, chronic anterior uveitis
Amsler sign - filiform hemorrhage after paracentesis.
62
Latnoprost - PGF2α
Ophthalmic Side effect
Cystoid Macular Edema - S/E
Hypertrichosis
63
Latanoprost - MOA
Drug of Choice (DOC) for Open Angle Glaucoma.
They reduce Intraocular Pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow
64
S100 positivity is seen in which conditions?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Neural crest derivatives:
Schwannoma
Melanoma
65
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated in which tumors
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoblastoma
Yolk sac tumor
66
Beta-hCG is a tumor marker for
Choriocarcinoma
67
Calcitonin is a tumor marker for
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
68
Chromogranin and Synaptophysin are markers for
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell lung carcinoma
69
Which tumor is positive for LDH and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)
Dysgerminoma
(DPL - Delhi premier League)
70
CD31 (PECAM-1) is a marker for
Angiosarcoma
71
ViMEntin is positive in which tumors
MEsenchymal tumors
MEningioma
endoMEtrial tumors
72
DeSMin is a marker for which tumors?
Muscle tumors
SM - smooth muscle
73
Cytokeratin is a marker for
Epithelial tumors
74
GFAP is a marker for
Glial tumors - G for G
75
CK7 +/CK20 - tumors are typically located where?
Above the diaphragm
Breast
Lung
Thyroid
Seven is Heaven
76
CK7 negative / CK20 positive tumors?
Merkel cell carcinoma
Colon cancer
Mnemonic: MERCO20
77
CK7 positive / CK20 positive tumors?
Ovarian cancer
Urothelial cancer
78
CK7 negative / CK20 negative tumors?
Liver cancer
Kidney cancer
79
Important disorders on Chromosome 3?
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Memory Tip:
VHL (3 words) & RCC (3 words)
80
Important disorders on Chromosome 4?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD 2)
Achondroplasia
Huntington disease
81
Disorders on Chromosome 5?
Cri du Chat
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
82
Disorders on Chromosome 6?
Hemochromatosis
83
Disorders on Chromosome 7
Williams syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
84
Disorders on Chromosome 9?
Friedreich ataxia
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC 1)
85
Disorders on Chromosome 10?
MEN 2
RET = TEN
86
Disorders on Chromosome 11?
Wilms tumor
Sickle cell anemia
Beta-thalassemia
MEN1
87
Disorders on Chromosome 13?
Wilson disease
Patau syndrome
BRCA2
Retinoblastoma
88
Disorders on Chromosome 15?
Prader-Willi
Angelman
Marfan syndrome
Albinism
89
Disorders on Chromosome 16
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD1)
Tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2)
90
Disorders on Chromosome 17?
Neurofibromatosis type 1
BRCA1
TP53 → Li-Fraumeni syndrome
91
Disorders on Chromosome 18?
Edwards Syndrome
92
Disorder on Chromosome 21?
Downs Syndrome
93
Disorder on Chromosome 22?
Neurofibromatosis type 2
DiGeorge syndrome
94
Disorders on Chromosome X?
Fragile X syndrome
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Klinefelter syndrome
95
Only serological marker in Hep B window period
Anti-HBc
96
Roth's spots indicate
Infective endocarditis (retinal hemorrhages with pale centers)
97
Cannon 'a' waves in JVP represent
Complete heart block
98
Hyperkalemia is a prominent feature of which RTA?
Type 4 (hyperkalemic) renal tubular acidosis
99
Paraneoplastic polycythemia — common tumour cause
Renal cell carcinoma (EPO production)
100
Nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel–Wilson) is pathognomonic for
Diabetic nephropathy
101
Pure red cell aplasia is associated with
Thymoma
102
Initial investigation of choice for suspected DVT
Duplex ultrasound (venous Doppler)
103
Bilateral upper-limb pulseless disease =
Takayasu arteritis
104
Is anion gap increased in renal tubular acidosis?
No — RTA causes normal anion gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis
105
Hypokalemia is typically seen with
Metabolic alkalosis (eg, vomiting)
106
Hypochloremia + hypokalemia + metabolic alkalosis suggest
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (infant with projectile vomiting)
107
Granulomatous disease associated with hypercalcemia
Sarcoidosis
108
Common infectious cause of orchitis (mumps) — true or false?
True — mumps can cause orchitis
109
Conn's syndrome =
Primary hyperaldosteronism (aldosterone excess) → hypokalemia, hypertension
110
Most common cause of paroxysmal hypertension
Pheochromocytoma
111
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) pathogenesis
IgA immune complex deposition in small vessels
112
Spontaneous bleeding (hemarthroses) is classically seen in
Hemophilia A or B
113
Most aggressive/virulent form of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with
MEN 2B
114
Drug of choice for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
115
Respiratory acidosis is seen in
Emphysema / chronic CO₂ retention states
116
Pneumatoceles are commonest with which pneumonia?
Staphylococcal pneumonia
117
Antibodies seen in celiac disease
Anti-endomysial antibodies (and anti-tissue transglutaminase)
118
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated with
Early panacinar emphysema and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis)
119
Wilson's disease diagnosis clue
Increased urinary copper and low ceruloplasmin
Kayser-Fleischer rings
120
Drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
121
Carcinoid syndrome — classic features
Episodic flushing
Diarrhea, wheezing, right-sided valvular disease;
↑ urinary 5-HIAA; niacin deficiency (pellagra)
122
Bronze diabetes (triad) indicates
Hemochromatosis
Cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, skin hyperpigmentation
123
Onion-skin (periductal) fibrosis of bile ducts
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
124
High levels of IGF-1 indicate
Acromegaly (GH excess confirmation)
125
Water deprivation test is used to differentiate
Central vs nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (and primary polydipsia)
126
Cannon 'a' waves
Marked atrial contraction against closed tricuspid valve (complete heart block)
127
Stain for mast cells
Toluidine blue
128
Stain for myelin
Luxol fast blue
129
IHC brown chromogen
DAB (diaminobenzidine)
130
Stain for iron
Perl’s Prussian blue
131
Stain for acidic mucin
Alcian blue
132
Stain for elastic fibers
Verhoeff’s stain
133
IL-1 source & main actions
Secreted by macrophages.
Causes fever, acute inflammation
134
IL-6 source & main actions
Secreted by macrophages.
Causes fever and stimulates hepatic acute-phase protein production.
135
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) source & actions
Secreted by macrophages.
Activates endothelium, increases vascular permeability, mediates cachexia and septic shock; helps maintain granulomas.
136
IL-8 source & main action
Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils (from macrophages/other cells).
Mnemonic: IL-8 'ate' → attracts neutrophils to 'eat' bugs.
137
IL-12 source & role
Secreted by macrophages.
Induces differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells and activates NK cells
138
IL-2 source & key function
Secreted by T cells.
Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells and NK cells.
Mnemonic: IL-2 = 'T-cell growth (2 = to T)'.
139
IL-3 source & function
Secreted by T cells.
Supports growth/differentiation of bone marrow (like GM-CSF).
Mnemonic: IL-3 → '3 = tree of life → bone marrow support'.
140
Interferon-γ source & major effects
Secreted by Th1 cells and NK cells.
Activates macrophages and promotes granuloma formation.
Mnemonic: IFN-γ = 'gamma → granulomas & macrophage activation.'
141
IL-4 — source & main actions
Secreted by Th2 cells.
Induces Th2 differentiation and class switching to IgE; promotes B-cell growth.
142
IL-5 source & main actions
Secreted by Th2 cells.
Promotes eosinophil growth/activation and class switching to IgA.
Mnemonic: IL-5 = '5 → hive/allergy & eosinophils'.
143
IL-10 source & role
Secreted by regulatory T cells (and Th2). Inhibits Th1 cytokines, decreases MHC II expression and antigen presentation; dampens immune response.
Mnemonic: IL-10 = 'ten calms (anti-inflammatory)'.
144
IL-13 source & functions
Secreted by Th2 cells.
Similar to IL-4: promotes IgE production and alternative macrophage activation
145
Interleukin Mnemonic - 'Hot T-BoneEAk'
Hot = IL-1 (fever);
T = IL-2 (T cells);
Bone = IL-3 (bone marrow);
sT = IL-4 (switch to IgE)
E = IL-5 (eosinophils/IgA)
A = IL-6 (acute phase)
146
1 unit of PRBC increase hb by ____ and Hematocrit by ____
Hb by 1gm% and Hematocrit by 3%
147
Clinical features of Hand Schuller Christian disease
- Diabetes insipidus
- Calvarial lytic lesions
- Exophthalmos
148
Gene for PLeomorphic Adenoma
PLAG 1 gene
149
USG showing comet tail artefact seen in
Strawberry Gall Bladder in cholesterosis
150
c-myc associated with?
Burkitt Lymphoma
151
l-myc associated with?
Small cell Lung Cancer
152
n-myc associated with?
Neuroblastoma
153
K-RAS associated with
Pancreas
AdenoCA lung
CA colon
154
N-RAS associated with
Melanoma
AML
Mnemonic - MAN
155
H-RAS associated with
Bladder
Kidney
Mnemonic - H for Hematuria
156
JAK 2 V617F Mutation seen in
Polycythemia Vera
Essential Thrombocytosis
NEET-PG
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