PE - personality

Question 1

arousal - definition

Answer 1

physiological (somatic) and psychological (cognitive) state of alertness or readiness

Question 2

personality - definition

Answer 2

can influence many aspects of sport performance and behavior

Question 3

how does personality impact a sport

Answer 3

• require diff training / approaches
• different reactions

Question 4

inverted-U theory

Answer 4

states the optimal performance occurs when a performer reaches an optimal level of arousal

Question 5

arousal - somatic

Answer 5

• nerves being pent up
• electrical activity
• increase in blood pressure
• skin response (sweaty hands)
• anticipatory heart rate increase

Question 6

arousal - cognitive

Answer 6

• unable to concentrate
• unable to have optimal performance
• tension and worry
• lowered patience
• fear

Question 7

linking skills and arousal
- gross movements
- fine movements

Answer 7

• gross => high levels (strength, endurance and speed)
• fine => low levels (concentration)

Question 8

4 ways to handle arousal

Answer 8

1. deep breathing techniques
2. mental rehearsal
3. visualisation / imagery
4. positive self-talk

Question 9

deep breathing techniques

Answer 9

• slow heart rate
• ## reduced anxiety

Question 10

mental rehearsal

Answer 10

• vividly imagining the skill in your mind

Question 11

visualisation / imagery

Answer 11

• mental picture
• visualizing the result you want to achieve

Question 12

positive self talk

Answer 12

• motivating phrases to yourself
• counter negative thoughts or doubts

Question 13

direct aggression - definition

Answer 13

an aggressive act that involves physical contact with the intention to harm / injure an opponent

Question 14

indirect aggression - definition

Answer 14

an aggressive act that doesn’t involve direct contact with others, usually taken out on an object to gain advantage

Question 15

aggression - definition

Answer 15

deliberate intent to harm / injure another person - either physically / mentally - within rules of the sport

Question 16

direct aggression - examples

Answer 16

• rugby player tackling opponent within rules
• boxer punching opponent
• footballer deliberately tripping another player

Question 17

direct aggression - purpose

Answer 17

• intimidate / dominate opponent
• can be legal (within rules) or illegal (foul play)
• contact sports

Question 18

indirect aggression - examples

Answer 18

• tennis player smashing ball to intimidate opponent
• hockey player hitting the puck hard to scare / pressure opponents

Question 19

indirect aggression - purpose

Answer 19

• gain psychological advantage
• frustrate / lower the confidence of the opponents

Question 20

introvert personality - features

Answer 20

• shy & quiet
• thoughtful & reserved
• prefer to spend time alone rather that in big groups

Question 21

introvert personality - sports

Answer 21

• individual sports
• sports needing concentration & precision (fine skills)
• sports w low arousal & calmness

eg. archery, tennis (singles), swimming, gymnastics, golf

Question 22

extrovert personality - features

Answer 22

• outgoing, sociable & talkative
• enjoy being around others
• energetic & enthusiastic
• gets bored easily when alone

Question 23

introvert personality - sports

Answer 23

• team sports / fast - paced sports
• involves gross skills (large movements)
• high arousal & energy

eg. football, basketball, rugby, volleyball

Question 24

2 types of motivation

Answer 24

1. intrinsic
2. extrinsic

Question 25

intrinsic motivation - definition

Answer 25

- motivation that comes from within the performer - driven by personal satisfaction, pride / the enjoyment of the activity itself *eg. runner feeling proud after a race, gymnast training for perfect routine

Question 26

extrinsic motivation - definition

Answer 26

- motivation from an external source - (eg) coach, parent or rewards *eg. footballer winning for a trophy, swimmer encouraged by coaches praise

Question 27

2 types of extrinsic motivation

Answer 27

1. tangible - physical rewards (eg. medals, trophies) 2. intangible - non- physical rewards (eg. praise, applaud, positive feedback)

Question 28

importance of motivation

Answer 28

- encourages effort & persistence - improves performance levels - increases participation - helps reach personal goals - boosts confidence & satisfaction - enhances focus & concentration - reduces drop-out rates