NAPLEX > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

pediatric patients require ___-specific dosing

A

patient

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2
Q

neonate is classified as age

A

0-28 days

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3
Q

when to seek medical care for temp in <3 months

A

> =100.4

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4
Q

when to see medical care for temp in >=3 months

A

104

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5
Q

newborn ability to adapt to extrauterine life

A

Apgar score

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6
Q

Apgar >=7 indicates

A

adapt well, routine newborn care

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7
Q

Apgar <7 indicates

A

distress, medical intervention

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8
Q

routine interventions after birth

A

vitamin K
ophthalmic erythromycin
hep b vaccine
phototherapy for jaundice

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9
Q

baby is premature if born

A

<37 weeks

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10
Q

premature neonates are at higher risk of developing __&__

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

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11
Q

complication more common in term neonates

A

persistent pulm HTN of newborn (PPHN)

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12
Q

PDA, RDS, and PPHN lead to low

A

Apgar scores

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13
Q

normal opening between aorta and pulmonary artery in unborn fetus? does what after deliver?

A

ductus arteriosus

should close

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14
Q

patent ductus arteriosus remains __ after delivery

A

open

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15
Q

what is used to close PDA? mechanism?

A

NSAIDs- indomethacin

block COX and inhibit PG synthesis

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16
Q

deficiency in surfactant production causes

A

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

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17
Q

to avoid RDS, must neonates born before 35 weeks will receive

A

surfactant

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18
Q

surfactant products usually have what in their name

A

surf
actant

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19
Q

what happens when blood vessels in the lungs fail to relax after birth

A

PPHN

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20
Q

PPHN may be linked to in utero exposure to

A

SSRI

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21
Q

sepsis eval in neonate

A

lumbar puncture- meningitis

classic signs uncommon

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22
Q

bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis are likely due to

A

vertical transmission

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23
Q

neonatal meningitis is usually caused by __&__

A

GBS and listeria

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24
Q

due to GBS meningitis risk, what is done in pregnancy

A

GBS screening

antibiotic prophylaxis in labor if positive to decrease transmission

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25
empiric antibiotics for neonate with fever
ceftazidime cefepime gentamicin
26
avoid with antibiotic in neonates since it displaces bilirubin and can cause brain damage
ceftriaxone
27
ceftriaxone and calcium products can __ in neonates
precipitate
28
lower respiratory tract condition with mucus plugging and swelling occurring in almost all kids <2 neonates and preemie higher risk
bronchiolitis
29
virus responsible for most bronchiolitis
RSV inc mucus, can cause swelling, respiratory distress
30
bronchiolitis treatment
supportive
31
used in pregnant patients at 32-36 weeks to prevent infection in infants <6mos old
RSV (Abrysvo)
32
if mom not vaccinated, RSV prophylaxis should be given to the baby during
RSV season
33
2 MoAbs for RSV prophylaxis
nirsevimab (Beyfortus) palivizumab (Synagis)
34
dosing for nirsevimab
single IM dose
35
dosing of palivizumab
IM once monthly through season
36
indication for nirsevimab
<8mos born during or entering first RSV season
37
when is palivizumab recommended
premature infants
38
viral infection causing inflammation of upper airway causing inspiratory stridor (high pitched breathing sound), barking cough, hoarseness common in <6
croup
39
adrenergic agonist that decreases airway edema
nebulized racemic epinephrine
40
treatment of croup (2)
systemic steroids - dexamethasone neb epi
41
which component of racemic neb epi is active? if racemic not available then?
L-isomer active if L-epi used alone then dose is half
42
nocturnal enuresis is
bed wetting
43
nondrug treatment for nocturnal enuresis
positive reinforcement normal daytime voiding pattern hydration pattern
44
preferred treatment for enuresis synthetic analog of ADH
desmopressin oral tablet
45
BBW desompressin
hyponatremia
46
AE of desmopressin
headache
47
best practicess for liquid peds meds
verify appropriate dose for weight transcribe dose in ML ONLY dispense with oral measuring device DO NOT USE HOUSEHOLD SPOONS
48
when using meds, peds are at increased risk for
adverse drug events
49
FDA does not recommend OTC cough and cold meds in children
<2
50
safe options for nasal congestion
suction saline drops or spray (Ocean)
51
associated with Reyes syndrome in children recovering from viral infection, not recommended <18 years ofl
aspirin
52
APAP infant drops and children suspensions are the same ___. Why?
concentration reduce dosing errors
53
APAP too much is common cause of
liver failure
54
avoid ibuprofen in ___ because__
<6 months old nephrotoxicity risk
55
ibuprofen drops and suspensions are supplied in different
dosage strengths
56
dosing for childrens tylenol
10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4-6 hours
57
APAP liquid concentration
160mg/5ml
58
dosing of childrens ibuprofen
5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours
59
brand names of ibuprofen
infants advil motrin infant drops children motrin/advil
60
ibuprofen is indicated for infants >
6 months old
61
treatment for intestinal gas
simethicone drops
62
food that can help constipation
prunes
63
constipation options if <6 months
glycerin suppositories quick relief
64
constipation options if >6 months
MIralax for intermittent constipation
65
what should NOT BE USED for constipation in <2 years due to risk of severe dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities
OTC rectal enemas
66
treatment of diarrhea
oral rehydration- pedialyte, enfamil enfalyte
67
contraindicated in neonates
ceftriaxone
68
contraindicated in <2
promethazine OTC teething meds with benzocaine
69
contraindicated in<12
codeine tramadol
70
meds not recommended for pediatric patients
ASA quinolones tetracyclines OTC cough and cough meds
71
resource for unsafe meds in kids
key potentially inappropriate drugs in pediatrics - the KIDS list
72
why is promethazine contraindicated <2
respiratory depression
73
why is there a contraindication for codeine and tramadol in <12
metabolism to morphine by 2D6 risk of respiratory distress
74
additional contraindication of codeine and tramadol
<18 after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy
75
RX cough and cough meds with opioids are not indicated in
<18 years
76
tetracycline risk
stain teeth affect bone and cartilage
77
exception to avoiding tetracyclines
doxycycline most effective for tick-borne Rickettsial disease
78
quinolones not recommended due to risk of
cartilage, bone, and muscle AEs
79
airborne transmission, Koplik spots (small white spots in mouth), maculopapular rash
measles
80
swollen salivary glands
mumps
81
cause of whooping cough
pertussis
82
itchy rash
chickenpox
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