phys 3

Question 1

Newton (Motion)

Answer 1

Three Laws of Motion, Law of Universal Gravitation

Question 2

Galileo (Experiments)

Answer 2

Lantern experiment (speed of light), Principle of Relativity (motion on ship)

Question 3

Kepler (Planetary Motion)

Answer 3

Three Laws of Planetary Motion (elliptical orbits, equal areas, T^2 ∝ r^3)

Question 4

Maxwell (Light & EM)

Answer 4

Electromagnetic wave model of light, Maxwell’s equations

Question 5

Huygens (Light Model)

Answer 5

Wave model of light (wavefront principle, diffraction, refraction)

Question 6

Young (Light Experiment)

Answer 6

Double-slit interference experiment (wave nature of light)

Question 7

Thomson (Experiments)

Answer 7

Cathode ray q/m measurement, Plum Pudding atomic model

Question 8

Millikan (Experiment)

Answer 8

Oil-drop experiment (quantization of charge)

Question 9

Rutherford (Experiment)

Answer 9

Gold foil experiment (nuclear model of atom)

Question 10

Bohr (Model)

Answer 10

Bohr model of atom (quantized shells, hydrogen spectrum)

Question 11

Chadwick (Experiment)

Answer 11

Discovery of the neutron (Be + α → neutrons)

Question 12

de Broglie (Hypothesis)

Answer 12

Matter-wave hypothesis (electrons as standing waves)

Question 13

Planck (Model)

Answer 13

Blackbody radiation (quantized energy, E = hf)

Question 14

Photoelectric effect (Observation)

Answer 14

Immediate emission, threshold frequency, KE depends on frequency

Question 15

Hydrogen spectrum (Observation)

Answer 15

Discrete emission lines explained by quantized energy levels

Question 16

Gold foil scattering (Observation)

Answer 16

Most alphas passed, few deflected large angles → nucleus

Question 17

Neutron detection (Observation)

Answer 17

Neutral radiation from Be knocked protons out of wax → neutrons

Question 18

Planetary orbits (Observation)

Answer 18

Elliptical paths and equal area law (Kepler)

Question 19

Aether null result (Observation)

Answer 19

Michelson-Morley: no aether detected, supports relativity

Question 20

CMB radiation (Observation)

Answer 20

Evidence for Big Bang, photons free after 380,000 years

Question 21

Dalton (Atomic Model)

Answer 21

Solid indivisible spheres (early atomic model)

Question 22

Thomson (Atomic Model)

Answer 22

Plum pudding model (positive sphere with electrons)

Question 23

Rutherford (Atomic Model)

Answer 23

Nuclear/planetary model (dense central nucleus, orbiting electrons)

Question 24

Bohr (Atomic Model)

Answer 24

Quantized shells model (electrons in fixed energy levels)

Question 25

de Broglie (Atomic Model)

Answer 25

Electrons as standing waves, matter-wave model

Question 26

Schrödinger (Atomic Model)

Answer 26

Quantum mechanical model (electron clouds, probability)

Question 27

Newton (Light Model)

Answer 27

Corpuscular model of light (particles)

Question 28

Huygens (Light Model)

Answer 28

Wave model of light

Question 29

Maxwell (Light Model)

Answer 29

Electromagnetic wave model of light

Question 30

Planck (Light Model)

Answer 30

Quantized energy model (blackbody radiation)

Question 31

Einstein (Light Model)

Answer 31

Photon model (light as quanta), Relativity model of motion