Clinical Pharmacokinetics
deals with the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient
Pharmacodynamics
relationship between [drug] @ site of a action and pharmacologic response
Drug in ____ = sample can be removed
blood
Drug in ____ = cannot remove sample
tissue
What is the therapeutic window?
The range between therapeutic dose and toxic dose
List the 2 components of therapeutic drug monitoring
1) assay
2) interpretation and application
What is therapeutic drug monitoring
determination of [drug]plasma to optimize therapy
When is therapeutic drug monitoring valuable?
- good correlation for response vs [drug] exists
- wide intersubject variation
- narrow therapeutic index
- desired effect cannot otherwise be assessed
When is therapeutic drug monitoring of limited value?
- no defined therapeutic [drug]
- active metabolite
- toxic reactions may occur at all [drug]
What is the difference between One compartment model and Two compartment model?
One compartment model:
-Drug immediately goes into blood/target site after administration
Two compartment model:
- First drug goes to organs (central compartment)
- Then drug goes to blood/target site (peripheral compartment)
Two compartment model:
What is contained in the central compartment?
- heart
- liver
- lungs
- kidney
- blood
Two compartment model:
what is contained in the peripheral compartment?
- fat tissue
- muscle tissue
- CSF
What is the rate expression for a one compartment model?
Change of conc in blood with respect to time = -K x (driving conc in blood)
*see slide 10 for the formula
___ order process = K is constant
first
____ order process = K is not constant
zero
(in a zero order process, the amount of drug/hr is constant)
*see slide 13
If you graph it on log paper and it is linear = ____ compartment model
one
If you graph it on log paper and it is not linear, what do you do?
Graph the residual line
If the residual line is straight = ____ compartment model
two
If the residual line is not straight = ??
it is either three compartment model or more
What is half life?
period of time for the amount or concentration of a drug to decrease by half
