Port and Madeira

Question 1

State the origin of Port

Answer 1

Duoro Valley, Portugal

Question 2

Name the red grapes of Port

Answer 2

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Francesa
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca
Bastardo

Question 3

Name the white grapes for Port

Answer 3

Arinto
Codega
Malvasia Fino
Malvasia Corada
Rabisato
Viosinho

Question 4

What is Vinhos ao Alta

Answer 4

Traditional terrace up the slope found in Port vineyards

Question 5

What is Patamares

Answer 5

Wider terrace that can be navigated by tractor. Found in Port vineyards. A more common modern style of planting.

Question 6

Describe the winemaking process of Port

Answer 6

1. Harvest
2. Crushing
3. Fermentation
4. Fortification
5. Ageing

Question 7

What is Lagares in Port

Answer 7

A low open granite trough traditionally used to crush grapes in Port.

Question 8

What is Autovinifiers

Answer 8

An Algerian vinification technology used in Port which the fermenting wine will be pumped over the cap by its own buildup of gas.

Question 9

What is Beneficio in Port

Answer 9

Known as mutage in French.

Halts fermentation, killing yeast and retaining sweetness in Port.

Question 10

What is aguardente in Port

Answer 10

Aka “burning water” - 77% abv neutral grape spirit added to fermented wine during fortification.

Question 11

Name the ageing barrel used in Port

Answer 11

Pipe

Question 12

State the capacity of Pipe

Answer 12

550 liters

Question 13

Name the 2 fundamental style of Port

Answer 13

Ruby and Tawny

Question 14

Describe the ageing process of Ruby Port

Answer 14

Bottle ageing

Question 15

Describe the colour and flavor of Ruby Port in general

Answer 15

Darker colour with youthful fruit and spice tones.

Question 16

Describe the ageing process of Tawny Port

Answer 16

Barrel ageing

Question 17

Describe the colour and flavors of Tawny Port in general

Answer 17

Light amber colour with tones of toffee, dried fruits and toasted nuts.

Question 18

List the styles of Ruby Port

Answer 18

Ruby Port
Ruby Reserve Port
Vintage Port
Single Quinta Vintage Port
Late-Bottled Vintage Port (LBV)

Question 19

Describe Ruby Port

Answer 19

Aged in bulk for 2-3 years. Non vintage. Wine is deeply coloured and uncomplicated.

Question 20

Describe Ruby Reserve Port

Answer 20

More complex than basic Ruby Port.

Question 21

Describe Vintage Port

Answer 21

Most expensive style of Port.
Min 3 years barrel ageing.
Require decanting due to sediments.

Question 22

Describe Single Quinta Vintage Port

Answer 22

Produced from on estate’s harvest.

Question 23

Describe Late-Bottled Vintage Port (LBV)

Answer 23

Aged for 4-6 years in oak.
Always single vintage.
Does not require decanting as LBV are filtered prior to bottling.

Question 24

What is Envelhecido em Garrafa means in LBV Port

Answer 24

Indicate additional 3 years of bottle ageing.

Question 25

List the styles of Tawny Port

Answer 25

Tawny Port Reserve Tawny Tawny with Indication of Age Colheita Tawny

Question 26

Describe Tawny Port

Answer 26

Do no undergo extensive cask ageing. Paler in colour due to addition of white Port to blend.

Question 27

Describe Reserve Tawny

Answer 27

7 years cask ageing before bottling. Multi vintages. Will not improve from bottle ageing.

Question 28

Describe Tawny with Indication of Age

Answer 28

May be labeled as 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 years old. Pronounced oxidative notes.

Question 29

Describe Colheita Tawny

Answer 29

Vintage-dated Min 7 years cask ageing, or even decades. May varies from bottle to bottle in one vintage due to different bottling period.

Question 30

Madeira may be produced from...

Answer 30

Madeira DOP or neighboring Porto Santo

Question 31

What is Poios

Answer 31

Basalt stone wall found in Madeira

Question 32

Name the soil of Madeira

Answer 32

Volcanic soils

Question 33

Name the training system used in Madeira

Answer 33

Pergola system

Question 34

Name the grapes of Madeira from driest to sweetest

Answer 34

Sercial (Driest) Verdelho (Medium dry) Boal (Medium sweet) Malvasia (Sweet) Tinta Negra (any style)

Question 35

Name and describe the 2 ways to heat up Madeira

Answer 35

Estufagem: tank vessel to heat up and cool down Madeira twice Canteira: oak cask to age Madeira for at least 4 years. Wine is heated up and cooled down during the day and night.

Question 36

Name the Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends styles

Answer 36

Rainwater Seleccionado Reserve Special Reserve Extra Reserve Solera

Question 37

Describe Rainwater

Answer 37

Made from Tinta Negra. Wine is medium dry.

Question 38

Describe Seleccionado

Answer 38

Labeled "Finest", "Choice" or "Select" Predominant Tinta Negra, heated with Estufagem method in tank.

Question 39

Describe Madeira Reserve

Answer 39

At least 5 years old and not more than 10 years old.

Question 40

Describe Madeira Special Reserve

Answer 40

At least 10 years old and not more than 15 years old. Made from single noble varietal and heated by Canteiro method.

Question 41

Describe Madeira Extra Reserve

Answer 41

At least 15 years old and not more than 20 years old.

Question 42

Describe age stated Madeira

Answer 42

Can be 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or Over 50 years old.

Question 43

Describe Solera Madeira

Answer 43

Fractional blending and made from Canteiro method. Only 10% Solera stock is allowed to be drawn off.

Question 44

List the 3 Madeira with Vintage Date categories

Answer 44

Colheita Frasqueira Vinho da Roda/Torno/Volta

Question 45

Describe Colheita Madeira

Answer 45

Single vintage and aged for at least 5 years.

Question 46

Describe Fasqueira Madeira

Answer 46

Vintage Madeira aged for at least 20 years in oak. Made from single noble variety.

Question 47

Describe Madeira Vinho da Roda/Torno/Volta

Answer 47

Exceptional rarity. Underwent ocean journey across the equator.