Pre-1905 - Plan

Question 1

Background 1

Answer 1

• Nicholas II crowned 1894

- Follow father’s autocracy

Question 2

Background 2

Answer 2

• Size + geography makes Russia challenging to rule

- Famines + land shortages meant rural communities suffered

Question 3

Background 3

Answer 3

• High rent + low wages in urban areas

- Poor housing + disease

Question 4

Factors

Answer 4

• Political Opposition
• Russification
• Okhrana

Question 5

Line of Argument

Answer 5

• Overall, rather secure

Question 6

PO - K1

Answer 6

• Kept underground

- No major communication between groups

Question 7

PO - K2

Answer 7

• No freedom of speech allowed
• Censorship of the newspapers
• Limited opposition

Question 8

PO - A1

Answer 8

• Lack of organisation
• No big revolution or revolt
• Less of a threat

Question 9

PO - A2

Answer 9

• No one allowed to speak out against Tsar

- No opposition so Tsarist state was secure

Question 10

PO - A+

Answer 10

• People’s Will able to assassinate Alexander II
• Powerful + did have an impact
• Could pose a threat

Question 11

PO - E

Answer 11

• Less of a threat as other groups weren’t successful
• “Call to the People” and “Land and Liberty”
• Attempted to educate peasants to turn them against Tsar; failed due to superstition + suspicion of strangers

Question 12

R - K1

Answer 12

• Forced Russian ethnic groups to be more Russian

- Enforced Russian language, religion, traditions, etc

Question 13

R - K2

Answer 13

• Certain areas were done well
• Turkestan
• Respect to existing cultures

Question 14

R - A1

Answer 14

• More people felt a part of the Russian identity

- Less likely to revolt so more secure

Question 15

R - A2

Answer 15

• Effective at making different cultures feel Russian

- Didn’t turn people against Tsar so made state more secure

Question 16

R - A+

Answer 16

• Marginalised ethnic groups
• Encouraged uprisings
• Finland

Question 17

R - E

Answer 17

• Uprisings had small impact
• Tsar encouraged Russian people to blame smaller nationalities for Russia’s problems
• Everyone turned against small ethnic groups who revolted

Question 18

O - K1

Answer 18

• 2,500 Okhrana

- Public thought there was 40,000

Question 19

O - K2

Answer 19

• 55,000 names
• 20,000 photos
• 5,000 revolutionary publications
• By 1900

Question 20

O - A1

Answer 20

• Less likely to revolt from fear of being watched

- Fewer threats to Tsarist state

Question 21

O - A2

Answer 21

• Effective at gathering info + neutralising threats
• Fewer groups acting against Tsar
• Made state more secure

Question 22

O - A+

Answer 22

• Unable to spy on people abroad
• Lenin’s work in London
• Sent abroad as punishment

Question 23

O - E

Answer 23

• Exiled +300,000 people to Siberia, sent +10,000 to forced labour camps
• No photos taken of Okhrana after 1911, fake names + identities, frequently changed addresses
• Effectively dealt with threats through harsh punishment + secrecy