Primary Data and Questionnaire

Question 1

What is primary data?

Answer 1

Bradley, 2013

- Fresh data that is collected to satisfy specific requirements

Question 2

How can primary data be divided?

Answer 2

Quantitative, Qualitative

Question 3

Compare and contrast traditional and online research methods:

Answer 3

Bradley 2013

• Traditional can reach most populations | Online is restricted
• Costs increase with sample size | Large samples cost the same as small
• Usually only in the day | Can be done at any time online
• Traditional has more control | Online less control
• Traditional more likely to reveal identify | Harder to verify identity online
• Data transfer delay with traditional | Immediate data transfer online

Question 4

What is a multi-methods data collection technique?

Answer 4

Using more than one data method in collection of data

Question 5

What is a mixed methods data collection technique?

Answer 5

Using both a qualitative and quantitative data method in the collection of one data piece

Question 6

What is some guidance for the use of questionnaires in data collection?

Answer 6

• The flow and layout
• Pilot testing
• Cover letters for those self-completing it
• Incentives?

Question 7

What is a questionnaire?

Answer 7

Bradley, 2013

- Formalized set of questions that obtain information from respondents

Question 8

How many key functions are there of a questionnaire?

Answer 8

6

Question 9

What are they key functions of a questionnaire?

Answer 9

1. Translates objectives into questions
2. Standardises questions
3. Creates flow
4. Creates a record
5. Speeds up analysis
6. Allows for reliability assessment

Question 10

How many stages are there of questionnaire formulation?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What are the stages of the questionnaire formulation

Answer 11

• Pre-construction: Determine objectives, respondent characteristics, decide on a data collection method
• Questionnaire Construction: Question format, number of choices per question, client approval
• Post-Construction: Pre-test, revise questionnaire, administor

Question 12

What are some of the barriers to cooperation in terms of questionnaires?

Answer 12

• Private matters
• Respondents are unable to communicate the answers they want to
• Don’t know the answer

Question 13

Talk about how the questions should be ordered briefly:

Answer 13

• Introduce the topic
• Keep interest levels high
• Guide respondent through the questionnaire logicall

Question 14

Go into depth about how the order of the questions should be determined

Answer 14

• Opening questions should be interesting, simple and NON-threatening
• Obtain basic information
• Difficult/sensitive questions should be asked as late as possible

Question 15

What are the types of question that can be used within a questionnaire?

Answer 15

• Unstructured: Open ended

- Structured: Closed, multiple choice, scale, dichotomous (divided into 2 clear sections), or ranking questions

Question 16

What some things that should be avoided when designing questions?

Answer 16

• Complex language
• Non-specificness
• Leading questions
• Double negatives
• False presumptions
• Inappropriate handling of sensitive topics
• Overly long sentences
• Ambiguity

Question 17

What is validity?

Answer 17

Does the study measure what you want it to measure?

Question 18

What is external validity?

Answer 18

Can the results be generalised beyond the study?

Question 19

What is response bias?

Answer 19

When people answer with socially desirable responsed