Prostate

Question 1

What is BPH?

Answer 1

Benign enlargement of prostate causing urethral narrowing and urinary obstruction.

Question 2

Does BPH increase prostate cancer risk?

Answer 2

No, BPH does NOT predispose to prostate cancer.

Question 3

What is assessed in a DRE?

Answer 3

Prostate size, symmetry, consistency; BPH = smooth, firm, enlarged.

Question 4

Next best nursing action before prostate diagnostics?

Answer 4

Obtain thorough history & urinary symptoms.

Question 5

What labs are used for BPH evaluation?

Answer 5

Urinalysis, C&S, serum creatinine, PSA.

Question 6

Why check creatinine in BPH?

Answer 6

Assess kidney function due to urinary obstruction.

Question 7

What is PSA?

Answer 7

Protein made by prostate cells; prostate-specific but NOT cancer-specific.

Question 8

What conditions elevate PSA?

Answer 8

BPH, prostatitis, prostate cancer.

Question 9

What is PSA screening controversy?

Answer 9

Detects many slow cancers → overtreatment risk.

Question 10

When should PSA screening begin?

Answer 10

Age 50 (average risk); avoid >75.

Question 11

Next best nursing action for PSA screening?

Answer 11

Educate patient on risks vs benefits.

Question 12

What is TRUS?

Answer 12

Transrectal ultrasound used to evaluate prostate abnormalities.

Question 13

When is TRUS used?

Answer 13

When PSA or DRE abnormal to differentiate BPH vs cancer.

Question 14

What confirms prostate cancer diagnosis?

Answer 14

Biopsy via transrectal ultrasound.

Question 15

What causes BPH?

Answer 15

Aging + androgen influence.

Question 16

What are irritative BPH symptoms?

Answer 16

Nocturia, frequency, urgency, dysuria.

Question 17

What are obstructive BPH symptoms?

Answer 17

Weak stream, hesitancy, dribbling, intermittency.

Question 18

What is LUTS?

Answer 18

Lower urinary tract symptoms (all BPH symptoms).

Question 19

First-line treatment for mild BPH?

Answer 19

Watchful waiting.

Question 20

What meds should BPH patients avoid?

Answer 20

Decongestants & antihistamines.

Question 21

Why avoid these meds in BPH?

Answer 21

They worsen urinary retention.

Question 22

What lifestyle changes help BPH?

Answer 22

Restrict evening fluids, double voiding.

Question 23

What drugs treat BPH?

Answer 23

Finasteride, tamsulosin.

Question 24

What is TURP?

Answer 24

Transurethral resection of prostate (gold standard surgery).

Question 25

What happens during TURP?

Answer 25

Prostate tissue removed via urethra.

Question 26

What type of anesthesia for TURP?

Answer 26

Spinal or general.

Question 27

What is placed after TURP?

Answer 27

3-way catheter with continuous bladder irrigation (CBI).

Question 28

What is purpose of CBI?

Answer 28

Prevent clots and maintain catheter patency.

Question 29

What should urine look like with CBI?

Answer 29

Light pink, continuous flow.

Question 30

Next best action if clots increase in CBI?

Answer 30

Increase irrigation rate.

Question 31

What indicates hemorrhage after TURP?

Answer 31

Large amounts of bright red blood.

Question 32

Next best action for bright red bleeding?

Answer 32

Notify provider immediately.

Question 33

How to calculate urine output with CBI?

Answer 33

Subtract irrigation fluid from total output.

Question 34

Does CBI cause fluid overload?

Answer 34

No (not systemic).

Question 35

What increases prostate cancer risk?

Answer 35

Age >50, family history, African American.

Question 36

When should high-risk patients screen?

Answer 36

Age 45.

Question 37

What is screening for prostate cancer?

Answer 37

PSA ± DRE.

Question 38

What is early prostate cancer treatment?

Answer 38

Watchful waiting with PSA + DRE monitoring.

Question 39

What is radical prostatectomy?

Answer 39

Surgical removal of prostate.

Question 40

Complications of prostatectomy?

Answer 40

Erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence.

Question 41

What is radiation therapy for prostate cancer?

Answer 41

External or brachytherapy.

Question 42

What is androgen deprivation therapy?

Answer 42

Reduces testosterone to slow cancer.

Question 43

What is chemo used for in prostate cancer?

Answer 43

Metastatic disease.

Question 44

What is priority nursing teaching for prostate cancer screening?

Answer 44

Shared decision-making.

Question 45

What is priority nursing concern in BPH?

Answer 45

Urinary retention.

Question 46

Next best action if BPH patient cannot urinate?

Answer 46

Treat as emergency (possible retention).

Question 47

What is overall nursing priority in prostate disorders?

Answer 47

Maintain urinary flow and prevent complications.