Vision

Question 1

What does visual acuity testing measure?

Answer 1

Measures near and far vision using Snellen (far) and pocket chart (near). Candidates: routine, cataracts, retinal detachment.

Question 2

How is the Snellen chart performed?

Answer 2

Stand 20 ft away; 20/50 means patient sees at 20 ft what normal sees at 50 ft.

Question 3

Next best nursing action during visual acuity test?

Answer 3

Ensure correct distance (20 ft) and proper lighting.

Question 4

What is ophthalmoscopy used for?

Answer 4

Examines fundus: red reflex, optic disc, vessels, macula.

Question 5

Next best nursing action for ophthalmoscopy?

Answer 5

Darken room to dilate pupils naturally.

Question 6

What indicates glaucoma on ophthalmoscopy?

Answer 6

Optic disc cupping (enlarged cup).

Question 7

What is glare testing used for?

Answer 7

Measures vision loss from light scatter; used for cataracts.

Question 8

What is slit-lamp test?

Answer 8

Magnifies anterior eye; used for cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration.

Question 9

What does tonometry measure?

Answer 9

Intraocular pressure (IOP); normal 10–21 mmHg.

Question 10

Who needs IOP testing?

Answer 10

All >40 years; more often if family history of glaucoma.

Question 11

What is the gold standard for IOP?

Answer 11

Goldmann applanation tonometer.

Question 12

What is gonioscopy used for?

Answer 12

Determines open vs closed-angle glaucoma.

Question 13

Next best action when high IOP found?

Answer 13

Perform gonioscopy.

Question 14

What imaging is used for eye evaluation?

Answer 14

CT, MRI, ultrasound; painless, no special follow-up.

Question 15

What causes cataracts?

Answer 15

Clouding and stiffening of lens → ↓ acuity & accommodation.

Question 16

What are early cataract treatments?

Answer 16

Adjust glasses, increase lighting, avoid night driving.

Question 17

When is cataract surgery indicated?

Answer 17

When vision affects safety, ↑IOP, or retina cannot be assessed.

Question 18

Next best pre-op nursing action for cataracts?

Answer 18

Administer mydriatic drops with punctal occlusion.

Question 19

Why perform punctal occlusion?

Answer 19

Prevent systemic absorption of eye drops.

Question 20

What must be checked before giving dilating drops?

Answer 20

History of closed-angle glaucoma (contraindicated).

Question 21

Post-op cataract priority teaching?

Answer 21

Avoid ↑IOP: no bending, lifting, coughing.

Question 22

Next best action post cataract surgery?

Answer 22

Administer antibiotic + steroid eye drops.

Question 23

What is normal after cataract surgery?

Answer 23

Vision may be better or worse initially.

Question 24

What follow-up is needed after cataract surgery?

Answer 24

Next day, week, month; monitor IOP & vision.

Question 25

What causes retinopathy?

Answer 25

Diabetes and hypertension.

Question 26

Prevention of retinopathy?

Answer 26

Control blood sugar and blood pressure.

Question 27

What are signs of retinal detachment?

Answer 27

Floaters, flashes, curtain over vision (painless).

Question 28

Next best nursing action for retinal detachment?

Answer 28

Treat as emergency and notify provider immediately.

Question 29

What are treatments for retinal detachment?

Answer 29

Laser photocoagulation, cryopexy, scleral buckle.

Question 30

Post-op retinal detachment priority?

Answer 30

Positioning (HOB elevated or specific head position).

Question 31

Key teaching after retinal repair?

Answer 31

Avoid bending, straining, heavy lifting.

Question 32

What is pneumatic retinopexy?

Answer 32

Gas bubble injected; requires strict positioning.

Question 33

Next best nursing action after pneumatic retinopexy?

Answer 33

Maintain prescribed head position for days–weeks.

Question 34

What is macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer 34

Loss of central vision due to retinal aging.

Question 35

Difference between dry and wet AMD?

Answer 35

Dry = slow, painless; Wet = rapid, severe, bleeding.

Question 36

Treatment for AMD?

Answer 36

No cure; vitamins + zinc may slow progression.

Question 37

Key teaching for AMD patients?

Answer 37

Stop smoking.

Question 38

What is glaucoma?

Answer 38

Increased IOP → optic nerve damage.

Question 39

Difference between open vs closed-angle glaucoma?

Answer 39

Open = painless, chronic; Closed = painful emergency.

Question 40

Next best action for open-angle glaucoma?

Answer 40

Administer prescribed eye drops consistently.

Question 41

Biggest issue in glaucoma management?

Answer 41

Noncompliance due to no symptoms.

Question 42

What is treatment if meds fail in open-angle glaucoma?

Answer 42

Argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Question 43

What is acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 43

Ocular emergency with painful red eye.

Question 44

Next best nursing action in acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 44

Administer beta-blocker drops + acetazolamide.

Question 45

What additional priority action in acute glaucoma?

Answer 45

Control pain and nausea (prevents ↑IOP).

Question 46

What should be avoided in acute glaucoma?

Answer 46

Anything that increases IOP (stress, activity).

Question 47

When should room be darkened in glaucoma?

Answer 47

After pupil constriction (NOT before).

Question 48

What is definitive treatment for angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 48

Laser peripheral iridotomy.

Question 49

What is priority nursing goal for all eye disorders?

Answer 49

Prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

Question 50

What are AAO screening recommendations?

Answer 50

40–60: every 3–5 yrs; >60: every 1–2 yrs.