PS Exam

Question 1

Displacement

Answer 1

(Δx) distance and direction of an object’s change in position; difference from starting to ending point.

Question 2

Insulators

Answer 2

materials that do not allow heat to flow easily. Ex. air, wood, styrofoam

Question 3

Power

Answer 3

(P) the amount of work done in a certain time; the rate at which work is done
Equation is P=w/t (Power = work divided by time)

Question 4

Pythagorean Theorem

Answer 4

a2 + b2 = c2

Question 5

Law

Answer 5

Description of how things happen in nature

Question 6

Experimental Group

Answer 6

the group that is being tested and purposefully changed

Question 7

Radiation

Answer 7

transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

Question 8

Conductors

Answer 8

materials that allow heat to flow easily. Ex. skin, metals

Question 9

Independent Variable

Answer 9

what is being purposefully changed; the ‘cause’

Question 10

distance (formula)

Answer 10

x + x

Question 11

Instantaneous Speed

Answer 11

the speed at any given point - what shows up on your speedometer

Question 12

Force (formula)

Answer 12

mass x acceleration

Question 13

Friction

Answer 13

resistance to motion when two objects are in contact with one another. Three types are rolling, static, and sliding

Question 14

Bar Graph

Answer 14

qualitative data vs. quantitative data

Question 15

Velocity

Answer 15

(v) the speed of an object and the direction of its motion

Question 16

Acceleration

Answer 16

(a) rate of change of velocity over time

Question 17

Inertia

Answer 17

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Question 18

Thermal Energy

Answer 18

the sum of kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object. Thermal energy increases as mass increases

Question 19

Speed and Slope (formula)

Answer 19

distance/time

Question 20

Conversion factors:

Answer 20

ratios of equivalent values (meaning they equal 1)

Question 21

Energy

Answer 21

the ability to cause change (j)

Question 22

Kinetic Energy

Answer 22

energy in motion (KE)

Question 23

Qualitative

Answer 23

descriptive data

Question 24

Dependent Variable

Answer 24

what is being measured; the “effect”

Question 25

Weight

Answer 25

the force of gravity on an object

Question 26

Circle (pie) Graph

Answer 26

percentages

Question 27

Hypothesis

Answer 27

a testable prediction that attempts to answer a question

Question 28

Momentum

Answer 28

(p) mass in motion

Question 29

Specific Heat

Answer 29

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree celsius or K

Question 30

Control Group

Answer 30

the normal group used for comparison

Question 31

Speed

Answer 31

(s) the distance an object travels per unit of time

Question 32

Work

Answer 32

(w) the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move. Measured in Joules

Question 33

Convection

Answer 33

transfer of energy by the movement of heated particles

Question 34

Observation

Answer 34

objective; based on 5 senses not opinion

Question 35

Line Graph

Answer 35

quantitative data vs. quantitative data

Question 36

Force

Answer 36

(f) push or pull one object exerts on another

Question 37

Acceleration(formula)

Answer 37

final velocity - initial velocity/time

Question 38

Work Two conditions must be met:

Answer 38

Object must move Force must be applied in the direction of the movement Equation is W=Fd (force x distance)

Question 39

Potential Energy

Answer 39

stored energy

Question 40

Constant

Answer 40

factors that do not change in the experiment; conditions kept the same for all groups

Question 41

Radiant

Answer 41

light that comes from the sun and lightbulbs; used to see and as a power source (solar energy)

Question 42

Heat

Answer 42

(Q) The transfer of energy from one object to another. Measured in Joules

Question 43

Slope

Answer 43

the steepness of a line

Question 44

Chemical Potential Energy

Answer 44

energy stored in chemical bonds of compounds. Ex. firewood, battery, food

Question 45

Gravitational Potential Energy

Answer 45

energy stored in objects that are above Earth’s surface

Question 46

Quantitative

Answer 46

Numerical Data

Question 47

Formal

Answer 47

just the digits with a decimal point after the first digit, followed by x 10 to the power which represents how many places it was moved

Question 48

Momentum (formula)

Answer 48

mass x velocity

Question 49

Sound

Answer 49

comes from a variety of sources; used most often for communication

Question 50

Law of Conservation of Momentum

Answer 50

momentum is never created or destroyed in a collision, it is only transferred

Question 51

Transfer of Thermal Energy (cold)

Answer 51

There is not such thing as “cold” When you feel cold, you are feeling the absence of heat

Question 52

Temperature

Answer 52

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Higher temperature= faster particles

Question 53

Velocity (formula)

Answer 53

distance/time

Question 54

Reference Point

Answer 54

An indicator that orients you; the place from where you measure, record, or witness and event

Question 55

Gravity

Answer 55

the attraction two objects have on one another

Question 56

Theory

Answer 56

an explanation, based on evidence, as to why things happen

Question 57

Displacement (formula)

Answer 57

x - x and direction

Question 58

Mechanical Energy

Answer 58

the total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system

Question 59

Air Resistance

Answer 59

resistance an object feels when traveling through the air determined by speed, size, and shape

Question 60

Average Speed

Answer 60

total distance traveled divided by total time traveled

Question 61

Motion

Answer 61

when an object changes its position

Question 62

Mass

Answer 62

the amount of matter in an object

Question 63

Net Force

Answer 63

the combining of forces when two or more forces act on an object

Question 64

Conduction

Answer 64

transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles Solids are best conductors of heat

Question 65

Weight (formula)

Answer 65

mass x 9.8