Highly infectious chronic dse. Caused by tubercle bacilli
Pulmonary TB
CAUSATIVE AGENTS
- Mycobacterium tuberculae
- M. Africanum
- M. Bovis
Classification
Bacterial
TB among children
Primary complex (not contagious)
2 types of TB
- Pulmonary TB- micro-bacterium within lungs
- Extrapulmonary TB- adjacent organs
Mode of transmission
D, A, D, I
DROPLET
AIRBORNE
DIRECT INVASION (rare)
INGESTION OF UNPASTEURIZED MILK OR DAIRY PRODUCTS
Extreme temp to destroy microorganisms in unpasteurized milk
63 deg celsius (30mins)/71.6-71.7 deg F (5-15secs)
Incubation period
2-8 wks (12 wks max)
Period of communicability
- while bacillus is in the sputum
- good compliance to regimen (not contagious 2-4 wks. After)
Terminologies
C, H, H
- Close contact
- High risk group
- High risk clinical group
Close contact
Enclosed space for 3 mos.
High risk group
Closed environment (prison cell, skin-to-skin contact)
High risk clinical group
AIDS/HIV/DM/RF (immunocompromised pt.)
6 Cardinal sign of PTB
C, NS, WL, A, H, LGF (CNS, WLAH, LGF)
Cough productive
Night sweats
Weight loss
Anorexia
Hemoptysis
Low grade fever in the afternoon
Dx test
- DSSM (Direct sputum smear microscopy)
- X-rays
- TST (Tuberculin Skin Test- primary complex)
DSSM
Conventional strategy (SPOT)
Instruct the patient to return the next day, early in the morning
DSSM
SPOT-SPOT
3 SPECIMENS
1st- right away/after chief complaint
2nd- after 1 hr
3rd- the next day, early in the morning
Sputum analysis
If 2 sputum are (+) = PTB
If 1 (-) and 1 (+) = Chest x-ray
Classification based on history of previously TB treatment
N, R, T, T, O, P (Nursing Reaching To TOP)
New pt.
Relapse pt.
Treatment after failure
Treatment after loss to follow up pt.
Other previously treated pt.
Pt. With unknown previous TB treatment history
New pt
Not yet diagnosed/ with TB before and taking anti-tubercular drug for 2 mos.
Relapse pt.
After receiving treatment for her TB, pt. Was diagnosed again with the illness
Treatment after failure pt.
The TB treatment was unsuccessful
Treatment after loss to follow-up pt.
Return after default/loss of contract or follow up for 2 mos.
Other previously treated pt.
No known treatment/undocumented TB treatment
