Trauma- and stressor-related disorders arise from…
Severe emotional reactions to extraordinarily stressful events.
Such as experiencing, witnessing, hearing or recurrent exposure to details or real or threatened death, injury or sexual assault
Whether an individual develops PTSD depends on:
- the event itself
- biopsychosocial factors
Outline the events and biopsychosocial factors that contribute to the development of PTSD
- Event
- man-made more likely to cause PTSD
- gravity of event NB - Bio
- propensity for anxiety can be hereditary
- little evidence for “ptsd gene” - Psycho
- individual’s susceptibility to anxiety - Social factors
- absence of coping mechs and support systems
- lower education level (increases exposure risk)
Transgen Trauma refers to when:
a group traumatic event leave lasting scar on group consciousness, changing memories and identity forever
- psych, soc con, and soc epigenetics explains tramsmission
Can individual’s develop PTSD despite not being exposed to trauma?
Yes
How does Acute stress disorder compare to PTSD?
- same symptoms, but duration is less than 1 month (ptsd >1 month)
What are the diagnostic criteria for PTSD for individuals ages 6 and olded
- “EXPOSIRE” to real to real or threatened death/injury/SA
- presence of one or more INTRUSIVE SYMPTOM after the traumatic event
- persistent AVOIDANCE of traumatic stimuli
- negative changes in COGNITION AND MOOD
- negative changes in AROUSAL/REACTIVITY
- symptoms persist for longer than 1 MONTH
- significant IMPAIRMENT in NB functions
- symptoms not attributable to substance use/med condition
What is considered first and second line treatment for PTSD?
First: psychological
Second: Pharmacological
Outline the Psychological treatments of PTSD
- CBT: exposure therapy, change neg thoughts
- BWRT
- Narrative exposure therapy
- MBSR
Outline the pharmacological treatment of PTSD
- SSRIs (increase serotonin, make patients feel less overwhelmed)
- SNRI’s (increase serotonin and noradrenaline, enhance more and energy)
What is a limitation of pharmacological treatment of PTSD
- SSRIs and SNRIs are not cures, but valuable tools as part of a comprehensive treatment plan (facilitate better engagement in psychotherapy)
What are some of the alternative treatment methods for PTSD?
Yoga
Psychedelics
MDMA
TRE
What are some social and lifestyle methods for combating PTSD?
- healthy life-style habits
- community
What are some of the controversial factors surrounding PTSD
- MDMA/Psychedelics as treatment
- V stigmatised, hard to access, concerns arounfd safety
What should RCs aim to do to help a client with PTSD?
- support
- psychoeducate
- empathy
- normalization
- crisis intervention
- trauma interventions
What are some trauma based models of intervention that RCs can use?
- Wits Trauma Model
- With training:
1. TRE
2. BWRT
3. CBT techniques
