Cardio Exam 2 > PVD 3 > Flashcards

PVD 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

non-inflammatory peripheral vascular disorders

A
  • varicose veins

- raynaud’s phenomenon

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2
Q

inflammatory peripheral vascular disorders

  • vasculitides
A
  • temporal arteritis
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • Kawasaki’s disease
  • takayasu’s disease
  • buerger’s disease

tpktb
total bottoms keep playing together

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3
Q

cardiovascular neoplasms

A
  • hemangioma
  • kaposi’s sarcoma
  • cardiac myxoma
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4
Q

tunica intima composed of

A
  • endothelium
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5
Q

tunica media composed of

A
  • smooth muscle
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6
Q

tunica adventitia composed of

A
  • connective tissue
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7
Q

definition of varicose veins

A
  • dilated, tortuous, superficial veins
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8
Q

what veins are generally affected by varicose veins

A
  • saphenous
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9
Q

risk factors for varicose veins

A
  • increased age
  • genetics
  • standing
  • obesity
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10
Q

pathogenesis of varicose veins

A
  • venous wall weakness
  • increased venous pressure
  • valve incompetence
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11
Q

clinical symptoms of varicose veins

A
  • mild-severe
  • cosmetic issues
  • +/- aching
  • +/- skin ulcers
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12
Q

which sex most affected by varicose veins

A
  • women
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13
Q

definition of raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  • arterial and arteriolar vasospasm
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14
Q

etiology of raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  • cold

- emotions

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15
Q

which sex is most likely to get raynaud’s

A
  • females
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16
Q

pathogenesis of raynaud’s

A
  • arterial/arteriolar vasospasm in skin
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17
Q

which parts of the body most affected in raynaud’s

A
  • fingers > toes»_space; nose, ears
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18
Q

associations of raynaud’s

A
  • part of connective tissue disease
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19
Q

what connective tissue diseases can Raynaud’s be associated with

what do we call this association

A
  • SLE
  • scleroderma
  • secondary raynaud’s
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20
Q

clinical progression of raynaud’s

A
  • pallor (white) -> blue -> red
  • (+/-) bilateral, symmetrical
  • cold
  • paresthesia
  • pain
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21
Q

treatment of raynaud’s

A
  • prevention
  • Ca++ channel blockers
  • alpha blockers
  • vasodilators
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22
Q

another name of temporal arteritis

A
  • giant cell arteritis
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23
Q

which is the most common vasculitis

A
  • temporal arteritis
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24
Q

which population of people most usually gets temporal arteritis

A
  • elderly

- women

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25
etiology of temporal arteritis
- idiopathic
26
pathogenesis of temporal arteritis
- focal granuloma formation in med-large arteries | - forms in branches of carotid
27
which branch of the carotid does temporal arteritis often form in
- temporal
28
associations of temporal arteritis
- 50% have polymyalgia rheumatica
29
clinical symptoms of temporal arteritis
- unilateral throbbing temporal headache - +/- visual involvement - self limiting (1-5 years)
30
diagnosis of temporal arteritis
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate - CRP - biopsy - imaging
31
treatment of temporal arteritis
- corticosteroids
32
polyarteritis nodosa normally affects which population
- men - middle age PN PENIS - who has problems with their penis? middle aged men!
33
etiology of polyarteritis nodosa
- idiopathic
34
pathogenesis of polyarteritis nodosa
- type 3 immune response = Ag-Ab complex - fibrinoid necrosis - thrombosis - infarct PN THINK PENIS AGAIN AND THEN TWO PENIS COMING TOGETHER TO FORM THE AG-AB COMPLEX
35
polyarteritis nodosa antigen is often
- Hep B in 30%
36
polyarteritis nodosa affects what
- small arteries (everywhere except lung)
37
polyarteritis nodosa clinical
- constitutional symptoms | - effects of stenosis/infarcts in varying arteries/organs
38
treatment of polyarteritis nodosa
- corticosteroids
39
Kawasaki disease mostly affects which population
- children
40
Kawasaki disease etiology
- idiopathic | - incidental infection -> nonspecific immune system activation
41
Kawasaki disease pathogenesis
- systemic necrotizing vasculitis in small-med arteries | - lymphadenopathy
42
Kawasaki disease clinical
- fever - rash - mucosal lesions - lympadenopathy
43
Kawasaki disease 70% of people have involvement of
- coronary arteries +/- aneurysm | - acute, self-limiting
44
Kawasaki disease treatment
- IV immunoglobulins | - aspirin
45
takayasu arteritis also called
- aortic arch syndrome | - pulseless disease
46
takayasu arteritis mostly affects which population
- females | - < 40 years old
47
takayasu arteritis etiology
- idiopathic
48
takayasu arteritis pathogenesis
- granulomas inflammation in med-large arteries - +/- stenosis/thrombosis/aneurysm - aorta and branches (retinal vessels also)
49
takayasu arteritis clinical
- inflammatory phase -> constitutional symptoms | - effects of stenosis of varying arteries including decreased pulse
50
decreased pulse is due if arteritis is in which artery
- subclavian
51
takayasu arteritis treatment
- corticosteroids
52
buerger's disease other name
- thromboangitis obliterans
53
buerger's disease epidemiology most affects
- uncommon | - men under 40 years old
54
buerger's disease etiology
- tobacco use (smoking) | - genetics
55
buerger's disease pathogenesis
- acute inflammation in small-med arteries and distal limbs - inflammation - thrombosis - infarcts
56
buerger's disease clinical
- intermittent claudication - pain - can progress to ulcers and gangrene
57
buerger's disease treatment
- cease tobacco use
58
hemangioma definition
- benign tumor of the blood vessels
59
which sex is most affected by hemangioma
- females
60
hemangioma histolopathology
- proliferation of endothelium | - creating large and/or small vascular channels
61
hemangiomas mostly occur on
- skin - mucous membrane - internal organs
62
hemangiomas that arise in childhoood
- birthmark
63
hemangioma that arise in childhood and regress by 10 years old composed of
- strawberry/capillary | - small vascular channels
64
hemangioma that arise in childhood and don't regress composed of
- port wine stain/cavernous | - large vascular channels
65
hemangiomas that arise in adulthood and don't regress composed of
- cherry - large vascular channels people pop their cherry in adulthood
66
Kaposi's sarcoma etiology
- HHV8
67
Kaposi's sarcoma epidemiology
- AIDS
68
Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis
- infected endothelial cells -> unregulated growth
69
Kaposi's sarcoma mostly affects which part of the body
- skin | - mucous membranes (everywhere)
70
Kaposi's sarcoma rashes
- red-purple-brown - macules-nodules - any size/shape
71
Kaposi's sarcoma histopathology
- spindle cells (malignant endothelial cells) | - blood filled vascular spaces
72
cardiac myxoma defintion
- benign neoplasm of primitive connective tissue
73
cardiac myxoma epidemiology
- most common primary neoplasm of the heart
74
cardiac myxoma most affected which part of the heart
left atrium > right atrium > ventricles
75
cardiac myxoma patholgoy
- pedunculated | - composed of ECM + few tumor cells
76
cardiac myxoma symptoms arise from
- obstruction of blood flow in the involved chamber of the heart
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